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Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Mammalian Oocyte Analysis by MALDI MSI with Wet-Interface Matrix Deposition Technique

by

Anna Bodzon-Kulakowska

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Wiesława Młodawska

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Przemyslaw Mielczarek

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Dorota Lachowicz

,

Piotr Suder

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Marek Smoluch

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1479; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041479 - 09 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 985

Abstract

Oocytes are a special kind of biological material. Here, the individual variability of a single cell is important. It means that the opportunity to obtain information about the lipid content from the analysis of a single cell is significant. In our study, we [...] Read more.

Oocytes are a special kind of biological material. Here, the individual variability of a single cell is important. It means that the opportunity to obtain information about the lipid content from the analysis of a single cell is significant. In our study, we present a method for lipid analysis based on the MALDI-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) approach. Our attention was paid to the sample preparation optimization with the aid of a wet-interface matrix deposition system (matrix spraying). Technical considerations of the sample preparation process, such as the number of matrix layers and the position of the spraying nozzle during the matrix deposition, are presented in the article. Additionally, we checked if changing the 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and 9-Aminoacridine (9AA) matrix concentration and their solvent composition may improve the analysis. Moreover, the comparison of paraformaldehyde-fixed versus nonfixed cell analysis was performed. We hope that our approach will be helpful for those working on lipid analyses in extraordinary material such as a single oocyte. Our study may also offer clues for anybody interested in single-cell analysis with the aid of MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and the wet-interface matrix deposition method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mass Spectrometry in Materials Science)

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Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Polyethylene Glycol-Isophorone Diisocyanate Polyurethane Prepolymers Tailored Using MALDI MS

by

Diana-Andreea Blaj

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Alexandra-Diana Diaconu

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Valeria Harabagiu

and

Cristian Peptu

Materials 2023, 16(2), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020821 - 14 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2061

Abstract

The reaction of diols with isocyanates, leading to mono-functional and di-functional prepolymers may be investigated using various characterization methods which show the overall conversion of isocyanate monomers. On the other hand, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) polymer characterization can be [...] Read more.

The reaction of diols with isocyanates, leading to mono-functional and di-functional prepolymers may be investigated using various characterization methods which show the overall conversion of isocyanate monomers. On the other hand, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) polymer characterization can be employed to identify the monomer units, the end-group functionalities, molecular weight averages, and to determine the copolymer sequence. Herein, we focus on prepolymer synthesis using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), a widely used diisocyanate for prepolymers preparation, especially in waterborne polyurethane materials. Thus, the reaction between polyethylene glycol diol and IPDI was in-depth investigated by mass spectrometry to determine the influence of the reaction parameters on the prepolymer’s structure. The relative content of the different functional oligomer species at given reaction times was determined in the reaction mixture. More specifically, the offline analysis revealed the influence of reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, the concentration of reactants, and the amount of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst. The established MALDI MS analysis involved measurements of samples, first, directly collected from the reaction mixture and secondly, following derivatization with methanol. The obtained results revealed the effects of reaction parameters on the functionalization reaction with isocyanates, allowing to achieve a better reaction control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mass Spectrometry in Materials Science)

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Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Ligand Exchange Process on Gold Nanorods by Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

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Materials 2022, 15(13), 4406; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134406 - 22 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1417

Abstract

The ligand exchange process on gold nanorods (Au NRs) was explored by using laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS). Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) adsorbed on Au NRs was replaced with alkanethiol derivatives presenting different functional groups. The ligand exchange process was investigated under various [...] Read more.

The ligand exchange process on gold nanorods (Au NRs) was explored by using laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS). Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) adsorbed on Au NRs was replaced with alkanethiol derivatives presenting different functional groups. The ligand exchange process was investigated under various conditions, such as in the presence of different functional groups in the ligands and with different concentrations of CTAB. The ligand-exchanged Au NRs were characterized by using a combination of UV–Vis spectroscopy and LDI-TOF-MS. Based on the results, it was revealed that LDI-TOF-MS analysis can provide crucial and distinct information about the degree of ligand exchange on Au NRs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mass Spectrometry in Materials Science)

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Open AccessCommunication

Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry as a Potential Tool for Evaluation of Hydroxylation Degree of Various Types of Titanium Dioxide Materials

by

Małgorzata Kasperkowiak

,

Monika Kurowska

,

Maciej Zalas

and

Rafał Frański

Materials 2021, 14(22), 6848; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226848 - 13 Nov 2021

Viewed by 2294

Abstract

For many applications, TiO₂ must have a unique surface structure responsible for its desirable physicochemical properties. Therefore the fast and easy methods of TiO₂ surface characterization are of great interest. Heated TiO₂ samples and dye-modified TiO₂ samples were analyzed [...] Read more.

For many applications, TiO₂ must have a unique surface structure responsible for its desirable physicochemical properties. Therefore the fast and easy methods of TiO₂ surface characterization are of great interest. Heated TiO₂ samples and dye-modified TiO₂ samples were analyzed by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. In the negative ion mode, two types of ions were detected, namely (TiO₂)_n⁻ and (TiO₂)_nOH⁻. It has been established that the samples can be differentiated based on the relative ion abundances, especially with respect to the free hydroxyl group population. It indicates that laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry has the potential for the investigation of the surface properties of various TiO₂ materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mass Spectrometry in Materials Science)

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Open AccessArticle

The Electrospray (ESI) and Flowing Atmosphere-Pressure Afterglow (FAPA) Mass Spectrometry Studies of Nitrophenols (Plant Growth Stimulants) Removed Using Strong Base-Functionalized Materials

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Materials 2021, 14(21), 6388; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216388 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1140

Abstract

The functional silica-based materials functionalized with a strong nitrogen base TBD (SiO₂-TBD) deposited via a linker or with a basic poly(amidoamine) dendrimer containing multiple terminal amine groups -NH₂ (SiO₂-EDA) and functional polymers containing a strong phosphazene base (Polymer-Phosphazene) [...] Read more.

The functional silica-based materials functionalized with a strong nitrogen base TBD (SiO₂-TBD) deposited via a linker or with a basic poly(amidoamine) dendrimer containing multiple terminal amine groups -NH₂ (SiO₂-EDA) and functional polymers containing a strong phosphazene base (Polymer-Phosphazene) or another basic poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PMVEAMA-PAMAM) were tested as sorbents dedicated to a mixture of nitrophenols (p-nitrophenol and 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol), which are analogs of nitrophenols used in plant growth biostimulants. The adsorptive potential of the studied materials reached 0.102, 0.089, 0.140, and 0.074 g of the nitrophenols g⁻¹, for SiO₂-TBD, SiO₂-EDA, polymer-phosphazene, and PMVEAMA-PAMAM, respectively. The sorptive efficiency of the analytes, i.e., their adsorption on the functional materials, the desorption from the obtained [(sorbent)H⁺ − nitrophenolates^–] complexes, and interactions with the used soil, were monitored using mass spectrometry (MS) technique with electrospray (ESI) and flowing atmosphere-pressure afterglow (FAPA) ionizations, for the analysis of the aqueous solutions and the solids, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption/desorption progress is determined by the structures of the terminal basic domains anchored to the materials, which are connected with the strength of the proton exchange between the sorbents and nitrophenols. Moreover, the conducted comprehensive MS analyses, performed for both solid and aqueous samples, gave a broad insight into the interactions of the biostimulants and the presented functional materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mass Spectrometry in Materials Science)

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Open AccessArticle

Mass Spectrometric Investigation of Organo-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles Binding Properties toward Chalcones

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Materials 2021, 14(16), 4705; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164705 - 20 Aug 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1189

Abstract

Chalcones are naturally occurring compounds exhibiting multiple biological functions related to their structure. The investigation of complexes formed by chalcones, namely 2′,4′-dihydroxy-2-methoxychalcone (DH-2-MC) and 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3-methoxychalcone (DH-3-MC), with organo-functionalized Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles using mass spectrometric techniques is reported. The magnetic nanoparticles [...] Read more.

Chalcones are naturally occurring compounds exhibiting multiple biological functions related to their structure. The investigation of complexes formed by chalcones, namely 2′,4′-dihydroxy-2-methoxychalcone (DH-2-MC) and 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3-methoxychalcone (DH-3-MC), with organo-functionalized Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles using mass spectrometric techniques is reported. The magnetic nanoparticles were obtained by the silanization of Fe₃O₄ particles with 3-aminopropyltrimethosysilane, which were subsequently reacted with 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) or 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (2-PCA), resulting in the formation of Schiff base derivatives. The formation of their complexes with chalcones was studied using electrospray (ESI) and flowing atmosphere-pressure afterglow (FAPA) mass spectrometric (MS) ionization techniques. The functional nanoparticles which were synthesized using 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde displayed higher affinity towards examined chalcones than their counterparts obtained using 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, which has been proved by both ESI and FAPA techniques. For the examined chalcones, two calibration curves were obtained using the ESI-MS method, which allowed for the quantitative analysis of the performed adsorption processes. The presence of Cu(II) ions in the system significantly hindered the formation of material–chalcone complexes, which was proved by the ESI and FAPA techniques. These results indicate that both mass spectrometric techniques used in our study possess a large potential for the investigation of the binding properties of various functional nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mass Spectrometry in Materials Science)

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Open AccessCommunication

Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

by

Monika Beszterda

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Małgorzata Kasperkowiak

,

Magdalena Frańska

,

Sandra Jęziołowska

and

Rafał Frański

Materials 2021, 14(13), 3682; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133682 - 01 Jul 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2521

Abstract

The acetonitrile extracts of can-coating materials have been analyzed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). On the basis of detected ions [M + H]⁺, [M + NH₄]⁺, [M + Na]⁺ and product ions, the [...] Read more.

The acetonitrile extracts of can-coating materials have been analyzed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). On the basis of detected ions [M + H]⁺, [M + NH₄]⁺, [M + Na]⁺ and product ions, the ethoxylated butoxyethanol-bisphenol A diglycidyl ether adducts were identified in two of the analyzed extracts. Although the oxyethylene unit-containing compounds are widely used for the production of different kinds of materials, the ethoxylated species have not been earlier detected in epoxy resin can-coatings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mass Spectrometry in Materials Science)

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Open AccessArticle

Multi-Technique Investigation of Grave Robes from 17th and 18th Century Crypts Using Combined Spectroscopic, Spectrometric Techniques, and New-Generation Sequencing

by

Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska

,

Marek Ślebioda

,

Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska

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and

Materials 2021, 14(13), 3535; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133535 - 24 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1504

Abstract

The textile fragments of the funeral clothes found in the 17th and 18th century crypts were subjected to spectroscopic, spectrometric, and microbial investigation. The next-generation sequencing enabled DNA identification of microorganisms at the genus and in five cases to the species level. The [...] Read more.

The textile fragments of the funeral clothes found in the 17th and 18th century crypts were subjected to spectroscopic, spectrometric, and microbial investigation. The next-generation sequencing enabled DNA identification of microorganisms at the genus and in five cases to the species level. The soft hydrofluoric acid extraction method was optimized to isolate different classes of dyes from samples that had direct contact with human remains. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode matrix and tandem mass spectrometry detectors with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) enabled the detection and identification of 34 colourants that are present in historical textiles. Some of them are thus far unknown and uncommon dyes. Indigo, madder, cochineal, turmeric, tannin-producing plant, and young fustic were identified as sources of dyes in textiles. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to identify and characterize fibres and mordants in funeral gowns. Of the 23 textile samples tested, 19 were silk while the remaining four were recognized as wool. The presence of iron, aluminium, sodium, and calcium suggests that they were used as mordants. Traces of copper, silica, and magnesium might originate from the contaminants. The large amount of silver indicated the presence of metal wire in one of the dyed silk textiles. SEM images showed that textile fibres were highly degraded. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mass Spectrometry in Materials Science)

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