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Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials (3rd Edition)
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Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials (3rd Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 3897

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ming Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Interests: corrosion; SCC; corrosion fatigue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ziyuan Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Interests: surface hardening; corrosion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many structural metal materials work under the coupling condition of the load and corrosion environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the corrosion and mechanical behavior of metal structural materials. The corrosion behaviors of metals under the coupling condition of the mechanics and corrosion environment mainly include stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, corrosion fatigue, erosion corrosion, wear corrosion, etc. From the macroscopic or microscopic point of view, these corrosion damages all involve the fracture process, and fractures are caused by environmental factors, also known as environmental fractures. Thus, this Special Issue, the third edition of “Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials”, will still focus on the environmental fracture behavior of metal materials. We hope that colleagues in the relevant field can contribute studies in relation to the following topics, which include, but are not limited to, experimental, computational, or theoretical studies on the environmental corrosion fracture of high-strength metal materials.

Dr. Ming Liu
Dr. Ziyuan Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stress corrosion cracking
  • hydrogen-induced cracking
  • corrosion fatigue
  • erosion corrosion
  • wear corrosion

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 109137 KiB  
Article
Compatibility of Carbonate Mixtures to Be Used as Molten Salts with Different Metal Alloys to Be Used as Container Materials
by Luisa F. Cabeza, Franklin R. Martínez and Emiliano Borri
Materials 2025, 18(7), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071541 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 263
Abstract
The energy transition can only be achieved if the global energy sector is transformed from a fossil-based system to a zero-carbon-based source system. To achieve this aim, two technologies have shown promising advances in high-temperature application. Concentrating solar power (CSP) plants are seen [...] Read more.
The energy transition can only be achieved if the global energy sector is transformed from a fossil-based system to a zero-carbon-based source system. To achieve this aim, two technologies have shown promising advances in high-temperature application. Concentrating solar power (CSP) plants are seen as a key technology to achieve the needed energy transition, and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) is a promising technology for decarbonizing the industrial sector. To implement both technologies, molten carbonate salts are considered promising material. However, their corrosive behavior needs to be evaluated, especially at high temperatures, where corrosion is more aggressive in metal structures. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the static corrosion of two molten carbonate salts, a Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3-LiOH∙H2O (56.65-12.19-26.66-4.51wt.%) mixture and a Li2CO3 salt, under an air atmosphere with five corrosion-resistant metal alloys, including Alloy 600, Alloy 601, Alloy 625, Alloy 214, and Alloy X1. In this study, the corrosion rate and mass losses were quantified. In addition, in all the cases, the results of the experimental evaluation showed corrosion rate values between 0.0009 mg/cm2·yr and 0.0089 mg/cm2·yr. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials (3rd Edition))
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15 pages, 13964 KiB  
Article
Insights into the Corrosion Behavior of Pure Magnesium and Magnesium–Calcium Alloy (Mg-1.8 at.% Ca) in Thin-Film and Bulk Forms
by Hüseyin Zengin, Andrei Ionut Mardare, Andreas Greul, Manuel Hofinger, Gianina Popescu-Pelin, Gabriel Socol and Achim Walter Hassel
Materials 2025, 18(7), 1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071416 - 23 Mar 2025
Viewed by 372
Abstract
This study investigates the microstructural and corrosion properties of pure magnesium (Mg) and Mg-1.8Ca (at.%) alloy in both bulk and thin-film forms. Microstructure investigations showed that the addition of calcium (Ca) to Mg resulted in significant differences in microstructures. The bulk pure Mg [...] Read more.
This study investigates the microstructural and corrosion properties of pure magnesium (Mg) and Mg-1.8Ca (at.%) alloy in both bulk and thin-film forms. Microstructure investigations showed that the addition of calcium (Ca) to Mg resulted in significant differences in microstructures. The bulk pure Mg exhibited coarse and elongated α-Mg grains, which were refined by Ca addition, together with the formation of a Mg2Ca intermetallic phase distributed throughout the microstructure. In contrast, thin-film Mg-1.8Ca alloys displayed a refined single-phase microstructure with uniform nm-scale grains and no intermetallic formation. The electrochemical corrosion tests revealed that the bulk and thin-film pure Mg exhibited comparable corrosion rates, while a substantial difference between the corrosion resistance of bulk and thin-film Mg-1.8Ca (at.%) alloy was observed. The thin-film Mg-1.8Ca (at.%) alloy showed an exceptionally better corrosion resistance, attributed to the formation of a more stable surface film and the absence of a less noble Mg2Ca intermetallic phase, ensuring a single-phase microstructure. This study highlights the importance of different manufacturing techniques and microstructural control in improving the performance of Mg alloys for high-tech applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials (3rd Edition))
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20 pages, 24972 KiB  
Article
Study on the Preparation and Corrosion–Wear Properties of TiN/Sn Coatings on the Ti-25Nb-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo Titanium Alloy
by Jiang Pu, Yan Dai, Kunmao Li and Li Chen
Materials 2025, 18(5), 1160; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18051160 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1889
Abstract
Due to its excellent specific strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, titanium alloy is often used as a biological implant material. In order to address the issues of low hardness and poor wear resistance of the Ti-25Nb-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo titanium alloy, a TiN/Sn coating with good [...] Read more.
Due to its excellent specific strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, titanium alloy is often used as a biological implant material. In order to address the issues of low hardness and poor wear resistance of the Ti-25Nb-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo titanium alloy, a TiN/Sn coating with good biocompatibility was deposited on its surface using a new composite modification technology of surface mechanical strengthening + surface mechanical coating. By taking advantage of the wear resistance of TiN and the adhesiveness of Sn, a composite coating with corrosion–wear resistance was formed to improve its corrosion–wear resistance. Using TiN/Sn powders of different ratios (10% Sn, 20% Sn, 30% Sn, and 40% Sn) as media, the alloy was subjected to a combined strengthening treatment of surface mechanical attrition and solid-phase coating under a nitrogen atmosphere. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite-strengthened layer were tested by means of XRD, SEM-EDS, a nanoindentation tester, a white-light interferometer, and a reciprocating wear tester. Moreover, the corrosion–wear properties of the samples under different loads and electrochemical conditions were analyzed. The results show that the surface composite-strengthened layer of the alloy consisted of a TiN/Sn coating + a mechanical deformed layer. With an increase in the Sn content, the thickness of the TiN/Sn coating continuously increased, while the thickness of the mechanical deformed layer continuously decreased. The composite-strengthened layer had good comprehensive mechanical properties. In the SBF solution, the corrosion–wear resistance of the composite-strengthened samples improved; the degree of wear first decreased and then increased with the increase in the Sn content, and it reached the optimal value when the Sn content was 30%. Compared with the raw sample, the corrosion of the coating sample increased, but the wear significantly decreased. The corrosion–wear synergy factor κ value first increased and then decreased with the increase in the Sn content, reaching a maximum value at the 20% Sn content. This is the result of the combined effect of the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials (3rd Edition))
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16 pages, 4749 KiB  
Article
Prediction and Detection of Localised Corrosion Attack of Stainless Steel in Biogas Production: A Machine Learning Classification Approach
by María Jesús Jiménez-Come, Francisco Javier González Gallero, Pascual Álvarez Gómez and Victoria Matres
Materials 2025, 18(5), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18051057 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 426
Abstract
Biogas contributes to environmental protection by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the recycling of organic waste. Its utilization plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges of climate change and sustainability. However, the deterioration of process plants involved in biogas production due [...] Read more.
Biogas contributes to environmental protection by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the recycling of organic waste. Its utilization plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges of climate change and sustainability. However, the deterioration of process plants involved in biogas production due to corrosion has a critical impact on the safety and durability of their operations. In order to maintain the safety of structures in terms of service life with respect to corrosion, it is essential to develop effective corrosion engineering control methods. Electrochemical techniques have become a useful tool by which to evaluate corrosion resistance. However, these techniques may require microscopic analysis of the material surface and the analysis may be influenced by subjective factors. To solve this drawback, this work proposes the use of SVM models to predict the corrosion status of the material used in biogas production with no need to perform microscopic analysis after the electrochemical test. The obtained results of sensitivity and specificity equal to 0.94 and 0.97, respectively, revealed the utility of the proposed stochastic models to assure the corrosion state of the equipment involved in biogas production. SVM-based models are an effective alternative for accurately evaluating material durability and comparing the corrosion resistance of different materials in biogas environments. This approach facilitates the selection of the most suitable material to achieve greater durability and long-term performance. Synopsis: The results show that the proposed model is a useful tool to predict the behaviour of stainless steel against corrosion according to the environmental conditions to which the material is exposed in biogas production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials (3rd Edition))
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20 pages, 7453 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Embrittlement of a T95 Low-Alloy Steel Charged by Electrochemical Method
by Luca Paterlini, Laura Vergani, Marco Ormellese, Arianna Curia, Giorgio Re and Fabio Bolzoni
Materials 2025, 18(5), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18051047 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 677
Abstract
The hydrogen embrittlement of a typical Oil Country Tubular Good (OCTG) steel, API 5CT T95, was investigated through electrochemical hydrogen pre-charging followed by mechanical testing. J-integral and tensile tests were performed on electrochemically pre-charged samples, with varying charging conditions to simulate different hydrogen [...] Read more.
The hydrogen embrittlement of a typical Oil Country Tubular Good (OCTG) steel, API 5CT T95, was investigated through electrochemical hydrogen pre-charging followed by mechanical testing. J-integral and tensile tests were performed on electrochemically pre-charged samples, with varying charging conditions to simulate different hydrogen environmental exposure. Hydrogen concentration profiles during the electrochemical hydrogen charging process and subsequent mechanical testing in air were calculated with the support of hydrogen permeation tests and Finite Elements Method (FEM) mass diffusion analysis. This approach enabled a deeper understanding of the actual impact of hydrogen on the assessed mechanical properties. The results were compared with tests performed in air and with data available in the literature and were critically analyzed and discussed. A toughness reduction of up to 60% was observed under the most severe charging conditions; however, the alloy retained good ductility with a critical stress intensity factor of 124 MPa√m, well above the minimum values required for pipelines in high-pressure hydrogen gas and sour service applications, 55 MPa√m and 30 MPa√m, respectively, as specified by current ASME Standard and EFC Guidelines. Tensile tests on pre-charged specimens exhibited certain limitations due to the rapid hydrogen desorption rate with respect to the time required to conduct proper slow strain-rate tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials (3rd Edition))
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