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Characterization and Application of Superconducting Materials
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Characterization and Application of Superconducting Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2024) | Viewed by 8031

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kévin Berger

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
GREEN, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
Interests: high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables for railway network; magnetization and characterization of HTS bulks; pulsed magnetization; multiphysics modeling; design of electrical engineering applications using HTS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Frederic Trillaud

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04350, Mexico
Interests: multiphysics modeling of high-temperature superconductors for power components (cables, fault-current limiters, and power filters); magnetization of HTS bulks; superconducting electromagnets for physics instruments

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in the field of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) open up new prospects for meeting the challenges, expectations, and markets of tomorrow's societies, mainly thanks to their reduced production costs, enhanced electromagnetic performance (> 20 T), and higher operating temperatures (from hydrogen to liquid nitrogen) than low-temperature superconductors. However, there are still many key issues regarding their reliability in practical applications dealing with their transient electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical behavior. The first key issue is related to the loss of the superconducting state. This loss of the superconducting state can lead to permanent damage as the superconductor can experience a thermal runaway or quench. The second key issue is a combination of the limited production length and the variability of the superconducting properties in the case of the second generation of superconductors (REBCO).

There is a large variety of commercial superconductors to choose from supplied by manufacturers, each with different qualities. The choice of the HTS then depends on the requirements of a given application. Therefore, accurate knowledge of the characteristics of the superconductor and its actual performance is of paramount importance in the design of the HTS device, balancing the technological benefits with the initial investment and the operating costs.

In view of the above, this Special Issue aims to provide quality papers presenting new perspectives on the advances in the understanding, characterization, and innovative applications of high-temperature superconductors.

Dr. Kévin Berger
Prof. Dr. Frederic Trillaud
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • characterization methods of HTS
  • applications of HTS
  • electromagnetic, mechanical, and thermal analysis of HTS
  • advanced material manufacturing for dedicated applications

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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28 pages, 17468 KiB  
Article
Characterisation of Large-Sized REBaCuO Bulks for Application in Flux Modulation Machines
by Quentin Nouailhetas, Yiteng Xing, Rémi Dorget, Walid Dirahoui, Santiago Guijosa, Frederic Trillaud, Jean Lévêque, Jacques Guillaume Noudem, Julien Labbé and Kévin Berger
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3827; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153827 - 2 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 973
Abstract
High temperature superconductors (HTSs) are enablers of extensive electrification for aircraft propulsion. Indeed, if used in electrical machines, HTS materials can drastically improve their performance in terms of the power-to-weight ratio. Among the different topologies of superconducting electrical machines, a flux modulation machine [...] Read more.
High temperature superconductors (HTSs) are enablers of extensive electrification for aircraft propulsion. Indeed, if used in electrical machines, HTS materials can drastically improve their performance in terms of the power-to-weight ratio. Among the different topologies of superconducting electrical machines, a flux modulation machine based on HTS bulks is of interest for its compactness and light weight. Such a machine is proposed in the FROST (Flux-barrier Rotating Superconducting Topology) project led by Airbus to develop new technologies as part of their decarbonization goals driven by international policies. The rotor of the machine will house large ring-segment-shaped HTS bulks in order to increase the output power. However, the properties of those bulks are scarcely known and have barely been investigated in the literature. In this context, the present work aims to fill out partially this scarcity within the framework of FROST. Thus, a thorough characterisation of the performances and homogeneity of 11 large REBaCuO bulks was carried out. Ten of the bulks are to be utilized in the machine prototype, originally keeping the eleventh bulk as a spare. A first set of characterisation was conducted on the eleven bulks. For this set, the trapped field mapping and the critical current were estimated. Then, a series of in-depth characterisations on the eleventh bulk followed. It included critical current measurement, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy on different millimetre-size samples cut out from the bulk at various locations. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed weakly oxygenated regions inside the bulk explaining the local drop or loss in superconducting properties. The objective was to determine the causes of the inhomogeneities found in the trapped field measured on all the bulks, sacrificing one of them, here the spare one. To help obtain a clearer picture, a numerical model was then elaborated to reproduce the field map of the eleventh bulk using the experimental data obtained from the characterisation of its various small samples. It is concluded that further characterisations, including the statistics on various bulks, are still needed to understand the underlying reasons for inhomogeneity in the trapped field. Nonetheless, all the bulks presented enough current density to be usable in the construction of the proposed machine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Application of Superconducting Materials)
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17 pages, 1140 KiB  
Article
Upper Critical Field and Tunneling Spectroscopy of Underdoped Na(Fe,Co)As Single Crystals
by Leonid Morgun, Svetoslav Kuzmichev, Igor Morozov, Alena Degtyarenko, Andrey Sadakov, Andrey Shilov, Ilya Zhuvagin, Yevgeny Rakhmanov and Tatiana Kuzmicheva
Materials 2023, 16(19), 6421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196421 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1365
Abstract
A comprehensive study of superconducting properties of underdoped NaFe0.979Co0.021As single crystals by a combination of upper critical field measurements and incoherent multiple Andreev reflection effect (IMARE) spectroscopy is presented. The Hc2(T) temperature dependences are [...] Read more.
A comprehensive study of superconducting properties of underdoped NaFe0.979Co0.021As single crystals by a combination of upper critical field measurements and incoherent multiple Andreev reflection effect (IMARE) spectroscopy is presented. The Hc2(T) temperature dependences are measured at magnetic fields up to 16 T with in-plane and out-of-plane field directions and considered within single-band and two-band models in order to estimate the Hc2(0) value. In IMARE spectroscopy probes, the magnitude, characteristic ratio, and temperature dependence of the superconducting order parameters (ΔL,S(T)) are determined locally and directly. A possible k-space anisotropy of the large superconducting gap is demonstrated. We show that usage of a quadruple of λij0 coupling constants obtained in the IMARE experiment can significantly reduce the number of free parameters required to fit the Hc2(T) dependence within a two-band approach (from six to two). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Application of Superconducting Materials)
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23 pages, 5145 KiB  
Article
High-Pressure Synthesis and the Enhancement of the Superconducting Properties of FeSe0.5Te0.5
by Mohammad Azam, Manasa Manasa, Tatiana Zajarniuk, Ryszard Diduszko, Tomasz Cetner, Andrzej Morawski, Jarosław Więckowski, Andrzej Wiśniewski and Shiv J. Singh
Materials 2023, 16(15), 5358; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155358 - 30 Jul 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3340
Abstract
A series of FeSe0.5Te0.5 bulk samples have been prepared using the high gas pressure and high-temperature synthesis (HP-HTS) method to optimize the growth conditions for the first time and investigated for their superconducting properties using structural, microstructure, transport, and magnetic [...] Read more.
A series of FeSe0.5Te0.5 bulk samples have been prepared using the high gas pressure and high-temperature synthesis (HP-HTS) method to optimize the growth conditions for the first time and investigated for their superconducting properties using structural, microstructure, transport, and magnetic measurements to reach the final conclusions. Ex situ and in situ processes are used to prepare bulk samples under a range of growth pressures using Ta-tube and without Ta-tube. The parent compound synthesized by convenient synthesis method at ambient pressure (CSP) exhibits a superconducting transition temperature of 14.8 K. Our data demonstrate that the prepared FeSe0.5Te0.5 sealed in a Ta-tube is of better quality than the samples without a Ta-tube, and the optimum growth conditions (500 MPa, 600 °C for 1 h) are favorable for the development of the tetragonal FeSe0.5Te0.5 phase. The optimum bulk FeSe0.5Te0.5 depicts a higher transition temperature of 17.3 K and a high critical current density of the order of >104 A/cm2 at 0 T, which is improved over the entire magnetic field range and almost twice higher than the parent compound prepared using CSP. Our studies confirm that the high-pressure synthesis method is a highly efficient way to improve the superconducting transition, grain connectivity, sample density, and pinning properties of a superconductor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Application of Superconducting Materials)
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16 pages, 1509 KiB  
Perspective
On Thermal and Electrodynamic Aspects of the Superconductive Transition Process
by J. E. Hirsch
Materials 2024, 17(1), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17010254 - 3 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1307
Abstract
In a classic paper of 1960, W. H. Cherry and J. I. Gittleman discussed various thermal and electrodynamic aspects of the superconductive transition process relevant to practical applications. In a section of the paper that has remained unnoticed, they proposed a physical model [...] Read more.
In a classic paper of 1960, W. H. Cherry and J. I. Gittleman discussed various thermal and electrodynamic aspects of the superconductive transition process relevant to practical applications. In a section of the paper that has remained unnoticed, they proposed a physical model for the Meissner effect. Earlier in 1940–1943, in work that has also remained unnoticed, K. M. Koch had introduced related physical ideas to explain the Meissner effect. Still earlier in 1937, J. C. Slater proposed a model to explain the perfect diamagnetism of superconductors. None of these ideas are part of the conventional London-BCS understanding of superconductivity, yet I will argue that they are essential to understand the Meissner effect, the most fundamental property of superconductors. The unconventional theory of hole superconductivity unifies and extends these ideas. A key missing element in the conventional theory as well as in these early theories is electron-hole asymmetry. A proper understanding of the Meissner effect may help with practical applications of superconductors, as well as to find new superconducting materials with desirable properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Application of Superconducting Materials)
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