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Advanced Microstructural Characterizations of Biomaterials and Scaffolds

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Materials Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2022) | Viewed by 2462

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Department of Applied Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche—Di.S.C.O., Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Interests: biomaterials; scaffolds; characterization methods; neutron techniques; X-ray/synchrotron radiation techniques

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Guest Editor
Di.S.C.O., Via Brecce Bianche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Interests: X-ray/synchrotron radiation and neutron techniques for materials characterization; biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the huge amount of research work carried out worldwide in the field of biomaterials has led to the development of a plethora of biocompatible devices, scaffolds, and components that are helping physicians to solve serious problems in many fields of medicine. New materials and technologies, also coupled to advanced biomedical techniques such as stem cell and gene therapies, result in continuously improving biocompatible and smart materials, promoting very promising therapies especially (but not only) in oncology, cardiology, neurology, orthopedics, and dentistry.

In this framework, a fundamental role is played by advanced experimental techniques for the material characterization. In particular, new imaging techniques based on optical and electron microscopy as well as on X-rays and synchrotron radiation (micro-CT) have recently been developed. On the other hand, other methods for investigations at the nanoscale, including neutron techniques such as diffraction and small-angle scattering, are used to determine several important microstructural parameters influencing the macroscopic and biological behavior of materials.

This Special Issue will focus on some of these experimental methods, putting into evidence their contribution to the development of new biomaterials and biocompatible devices, leading to new promising therapies for the treatment of a large number of diseases.

Dr. Fabrizio Fiori
Prof. Alessandra Giuliani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • stem cells
  • electron microscopy
  • X-rays
  • synchrotron radiation
  • imaging
  • neutron techniques

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 2310 KiB  
Article
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials: Stem Cell-Derived Osteoinduction or In Vivo Osteoconduction? Novel Insights in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by Advanced Imaging
by Giovanna Iezzi, Antonio Scarano, Luca Valbonetti, Serena Mazzoni, Michele Furlani, Carlo Mangano, Aurelio Muttini, Mario Raspanti, Barbara Barboni, Adriano Piattelli and Alessandra Giuliani
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2159; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092159 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1980
Abstract
Maxillary sinus augmentation is often necessary prior to implantology procedure, in particular in cases of atrophic posterior maxilla. In this context, bone substitute biomaterials made of biphasic calcium phosphates, produced by three-dimensional additive manufacturing were shown to be highly biocompatible with an efficient [...] Read more.
Maxillary sinus augmentation is often necessary prior to implantology procedure, in particular in cases of atrophic posterior maxilla. In this context, bone substitute biomaterials made of biphasic calcium phosphates, produced by three-dimensional additive manufacturing were shown to be highly biocompatible with an efficient osteoconductivity, especially when combined with cell-based tissue engineering. Thus, in the present research, osteoinduction and osteoconduction properties of biphasic calcium-phosphate constructs made by direct rapid prototyping and engineered with ovine-derived amniotic epithelial cells or amniotic fluid cells were evaluated. More in details, this preclinical study was performed using adult sheep targeted to receive scaffold alone (CTR), oAFSMC, or oAEC engineered constructs. The grafted sinuses were explanted at 90 days and a cross-linked experimental approach based on Synchrotron Radiation microCT and histology analysis was performed on the complete set of samples. The study, performed taking into account the distance from native surrounding bone, demonstrated that no significant differences occurred in bone regeneration between oAEC-, oAFMSC-cultured, and Ctr samples and that there was a predominant action of the osteoconduction versus the stem cells osteo-induction. Indeed, it was proven that the newly formed bone amount and distribution decreased from the side of contact scaffold/native bone toward the bulk of the scaffold itself, with almost constant values of morphometric descriptors in volumes more than 1 mm from the border. Full article
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