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Machines
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Advances in Noises and Vibrations for Machines
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Advances in Noises and Vibrations for Machines

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Machines Testing and Maintenance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 5843

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lukasz Scislo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
Interests: structural health monitoring; machinery fault diagnosis; finite element modelling; uncertainty quantification of manufacturing processes and dynamic systems; reliability analysis and robust design optimization; smart structures and sensing technologies including full non-contact methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Davide Astolfi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
Interests: wind turbines; condition monitoring; fault diagnosis; non-stationary machinery; control and monitoring; vibrations; applied statistics; numerical modelling; mechanical systems dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesco Castellani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, The University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
Interests: wind turbine; vibrations; aeroelasticity; fault diagnosis; wakes; SCADA; applied aerodynamics; mechanical system dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vibration analysis and monitoring are currently required in various fields of industries, from automotive and aeronautics to manufacturing and quality control, from machining and maintenance to civil engineering.

Machine vibration is a normal and typically unavoidable result of moving and rotating parts or the effects of the ground-motion transfer on an object. To mitigate the negative effects of vibration, in many cases, they need to be assessed and monitored. Vibrations, as well as noise measurements, are also a good indication of systems' behaviour or the degrading quality of the product in the case of manufacturing. Vibration, especially modal analysis of structures and machines, is also a good way to validate a finite element model.

The current industrial trends focus on noise and vibration mitigations but also the use of contact and non-contact novel-sensing technologies for measurements. 

For this Special Issue, all papers, theoretical or experimental, on all aspects of a machine's vibration, especially in relation to civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering applications, as well as transport, materials and geoscience, are invited.

The contributions to this Special Issue may deal with all aspects of vibrations and their occurrence in the machines, especially:

  • Diagnostics of the machines;
  • Structural health monitoring;
  • Measurement techniques in sound and vibration engineering;
  • Computational methods in vibration problems;
  • Modeling and identification of dynamical systems;
  • Mathematical modeling in sound and vibration analysis;
  • Signal processing and analysis;
  • Active vibration control;
  • Energy methods in vibration engineering;
  • Dynamics of machinery and rotating systems;
  • Vibroacoustics of machinery;
  • Vibrations and noises of transport systems, vehicles and roads;
  • Structural dynamics, vibrations of composite materials structures;
  • Vibration problems in environmental engineering;
  • Vibrations and dynamic stability of structural elements of machines;
  • Flow-induced vibrations, fluid-structure interaction;
  • Dynamic behavior of Vibration Isolation Elements and Systems.

Both review papers and in-depth research papers on new developments in this field will be collected in this Special Issue.

Dr. Lukasz Scislo
Dr. Davide Astolfi
Dr. Francesco Castellani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vibration measurement
  • vibration control
  • condition monitoring
  • vibratory machines
  • vibration control
  • finite element modelling
  • structural health monitoring
  • modal analysis
  • FFT
  • noise control

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 10848 KiB  
Article
Improved Nonlinear Dynamic Model of Helical Gears Considering Frictional Excitation and Fractal Effects in Backlash
by Guoyin Mo, Chengyu Liu, Guimian Liu and Fuhao Liu
Machines 2025, 13(4), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13040262 - 23 Mar 2025
Viewed by 222
Abstract
Surface roughness and sliding friction are pivotal in determining the dynamic meshing performance of helical gears, especially under conditions of flexible support. In addition, the meshing parameters influenced by gear vibrations exhibit time-varying characteristics under flexible support stiffness, which is disregarded by many [...] Read more.
Surface roughness and sliding friction are pivotal in determining the dynamic meshing performance of helical gears, especially under conditions of flexible support. In addition, the meshing parameters influenced by gear vibrations exhibit time-varying characteristics under flexible support stiffness, which is disregarded by many scholars. Based on this, a nonlinear dynamic model of a helical cylindrical gear system under flexible support conditions is developed, considering the coupling effects of dynamic friction and backlash influenced by fractal surface roughness. The motion differential equations of the system are derived using the Lagrange method, and numerical solutions are obtained through the Runge–Kutta method. The effect of several control parameters (driving speed, surface roughness and fractal dimension) on the dynamic response of gear system is studied, and the proposed dynamic model is compared with the traditional model under different support stiffness to demonstrate its adaptability to highly flexible support scenarios. The results indicate that the proposed dynamic model is better suited for flexible support structures. Moreover, the coupling effects of sliding friction and fractal backlash amplify the dynamic response of the gear system and introduce complex spectrum characteristics. This study provides theoretical guidance for the optimization of vibration and noise reduction designs in helical gear systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Noises and Vibrations for Machines)
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20 pages, 15155 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Vibration of Oblique-Stiffened Multilayer Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells Under External Excitation with Internal and Superharmonic Resonances
by Kamran Foroutan and Farshid Torabi
Machines 2025, 13(3), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13030225 - 11 Mar 2025
Viewed by 331
Abstract
This research examines a semi-analytical approach for analyzing the nonlinear vibration (NV) characteristics of oblique-stiffened multilayer functionally graded (OSMFG) cylindrical shells (CSs) under external excitation. The material’s properties are continuously graded along the thickness direction. The CSs are made up of three layers: [...] Read more.
This research examines a semi-analytical approach for analyzing the nonlinear vibration (NV) characteristics of oblique-stiffened multilayer functionally graded (OSMFG) cylindrical shells (CSs) under external excitation. The material’s properties are continuously graded along the thickness direction. The CSs are made up of three layers: an inner metal-rich layer, an exterior ceramic-rich layer, and a functionally graded (FG) layer in between. The stiffeners’ constitutive material is graded constantly throughout their thicknesses. von Kármán equations, the smeared stiffener technique, and the Galerkin approach are used to address the NV problem. The vibration behavior is investigated via the method of multiple scales (MMSs). The analysis considers an internal resonance of 1:1/3:1/9 as well as a superharmonic resonance of order 3/1. The impacts of various material and geometric characteristics on the NV of OSMF-CSs are thoroughly investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Noises and Vibrations for Machines)
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15 pages, 8355 KiB  
Article
Data Acquisition and Chatter Recognition Based on Multi-Sensor Signals for Blade Whirling Milling
by Xinyu Li, Riliang Liu and Zhiying Zhu
Machines 2025, 13(3), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13030206 - 2 Mar 2025
Viewed by 538
Abstract
Bladed components are essential in engines and propulsion systems, but their thin structures, complex geometries, and significant material removal rates during machining make them challenging to manufacture. This study investigates the chatter phenomenon in blade whirling milling, a promising method for improving machining [...] Read more.
Bladed components are essential in engines and propulsion systems, but their thin structures, complex geometries, and significant material removal rates during machining make them challenging to manufacture. This study investigates the chatter phenomenon in blade whirling milling, a promising method for improving machining efficiency. Multi-sensor signals, including vibration and acoustic emission signals, are collected during roughing and finishing machining. Time-domain, frequency-domain, and time-frequency features are extracted, filtered, and fused using principal component analysis (PCA) to retain relevant information while ensuring computational efficiency. The features are then input into an MLGRU-based chatter recognition model, incorporating a self-attention mechanism (SAM) for enhanced performance. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average recognition accuracy of 89.16%, with a response time within 0.4 s, reflecting its effectiveness and timeliness in chatter detection. The findings also validate that the blade edge regions are more prone to chatter, especially during rough machining, due to their lower rigidity and greater sensitivity to external excitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Noises and Vibrations for Machines)
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20 pages, 11567 KiB  
Article
Experimental Acoustic Noise and Sound Quality Characterization of a Switched Reluctance Motor Drive with Hysteresis and PWM Current Control
by Moien Masoumi and Berker Bilgin
Machines 2025, 13(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13020082 - 23 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 644
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental characterization of acoustic noise and sound quality in a 12/8 Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) using hysteresis and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) current control techniques. To overcome the limitations of traditional sound power measurements and enhance the accuracy of [...] Read more.
This paper presents an experimental characterization of acoustic noise and sound quality in a 12/8 Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) using hysteresis and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) current control techniques. To overcome the limitations of traditional sound power measurements and enhance the accuracy of acoustic noise evaluation, a setup is applied for calculating sound power based on sound intensity measurements. The study provides a detailed description of the intensity probe-holding fixture, the hardware configuration for acoustic noise experiments, and the software setup tailored to specific measurement requirements. The acoustic noise characteristics of the motor are assessed at various operating points using two distinct current control methods: hysteresis current control with a variable switching frequency of up to 20 kHz and PWM current control with a fixed switching frequency of 12.5 kHz. Measurements of sound pressure and sound intensity enable the calculation of sound power and sound quality metrics under different operating conditions. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of various factors on the motor’s sound power levels and sound quality. The findings provide valuable insights into the contributions of these factors to acoustic noise characteristics and offer a foundation for improving the motor’s acoustic behavior during the design and control stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Noises and Vibrations for Machines)
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23 pages, 5495 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Machining Parameters for Reducing Drum Shape Error Phenomenon in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Processes
by Shih-Ming Wang, Li-Jen Hsu, Hariyanto Gunawan and Ren-Qi Tu
Machines 2024, 12(12), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12120908 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 691
Abstract
Machining thicker workpieces in the process of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) can result in a concave phenomenon known as a “drum shape error” due to the vibration of wires and accumulation of debris, which leads to secondary discharge in the middle of [...] Read more.
Machining thicker workpieces in the process of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) can result in a concave phenomenon known as a “drum shape error” due to the vibration of wires and accumulation of debris, which leads to secondary discharge in the middle of the workpiece. Reducing the drum shape error typically requires a longer finishing process. Finding a balance between precision and machining time efficiency has become a challenge for modern machining shops. This study employed experimental analysis to investigate the effect of individual parameters on the shape error and machining removal rate (MRR). Key influential parameters, including open voltage (OV), pulse ON time (ON), pulse OFF time (OFF), and servo voltage (SV), were chosen for data collection using full factorial and Taguchi orthogonal arrays. Regression analysis was conducted to establish multiple regression equations. These equations were used to develop optimization rules, and subsequently, a user-friendly human–machine interface was developed using C# based on these optimization rules to create a shape error and MRR optimization system. The system can predict the optimal parameter combinations to minimize the shape error and increase the MRR. The results of the verification experiments showed that the prediction accuracy can reach 94.7% for shape error and 99.2% for MRR. Additionally, the shape error can be minimized by up to 40%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Noises and Vibrations for Machines)
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16 pages, 7033 KiB  
Article
Influence of Distributor Structure on Through-Sea Valve Vibration Characteristics and Improvement Design
by Qingchao Yang, Zebin Li, Aimin Diao and Zhaozhao Ma
Machines 2024, 12(11), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12110791 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 578
Abstract
To address the issue of excessive transient noise during the opening and closing of a sea valve, a method for reducing pressure fluctuations during the opening of the electromagnetic hydraulic distributor has been proposed by analyzing the structure and working principle of the [...] Read more.
To address the issue of excessive transient noise during the opening and closing of a sea valve, a method for reducing pressure fluctuations during the opening of the electromagnetic hydraulic distributor has been proposed by analyzing the structure and working principle of the distributor. Based on theoretical calculation and simulation analysis, the size and shape of the buffer slot of the flow hole are determined under the condition that the stable working flow rate remains unchanged. An improved electromagnetic hydraulic distributor is developed and tested. The results indicate that this method can effectively control the opening and closing transient noise of the sea valve. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Noises and Vibrations for Machines)
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22 pages, 14922 KiB  
Article
A Method to Obtain Frequency Response Functions of Operating Mechanical Systems Based on Experimental Modal Analysis and Operational Modal Analysis
by Cunrui Shen and Chihua Lu
Machines 2024, 12(8), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12080516 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1389
Abstract
The characteristics of a mechanical structure under operating conditions may differ from those in a static state. It is often more desirable to obtain the frequency response function (FRF) of the operating structure in engineering applications. While operational modal analysis (OMA) can estimate [...] Read more.
The characteristics of a mechanical structure under operating conditions may differ from those in a static state. It is often more desirable to obtain the frequency response function (FRF) of the operating structure in engineering applications. While operational modal analysis (OMA) can estimate modal parameters during operation, it fails to provide mass-normalized mode shapes for FRF synthesis. This paper presents a new method using experimental modal analysis (EMA) to compensate for the absent information in OMA. It categorizes operational mode shapes into changed ones and those that remain the same compared to the static state, applying different scaling techniques accordingly. This method adapts to changes in dynamic characteristics without altering the operating conditions. Stability is emphasized throughout the process. Two examples are provided to verify the method, considering noise and incompleteness in measurement, and disturbances in dynamic properties. The proposed method is proven to be feasible and reliable to capture the changes in operational FRFs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Noises and Vibrations for Machines)
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