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Lubricants
Special Issues
Challenges and Advances in Internal Combustion Engines Lubrication
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Challenges and Advances in Internal Combustion Engines Lubrication

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2026) | Viewed by 1241

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Eduardo Tomanik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Polytechnic School, Mechanical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
Interests: automotive tribology; graphene tribological applications; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Bernardo Tormos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CMT-Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: engine oils; electric vehicles fluids; oil analysis and condition monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on the lubrication of Internal Combustion Engines, where there are many novel challenges nowadays. Topics of interest include lubricant formulation, specific formulations for new fuels (hydrogen, ammonia, HVO, biofuels), tribological behavior under extreme conditions, additive technologies, wear and friction reduction strategies, fuel economy improvements, real-time monitoring systems, classical condition monitoring, and the impact of electrification on hybrid powertrains. Contributions that bridge the gap between fundamental research and industrial application are particularly encouraged.

Lubrication plays a vital role in the reliable and efficient operation of internal combustion engines (ICEs), directly influencing friction reduction, wear protection, heat management, and emissions control. 

As global demands for cleaner energy, improved fuel efficiency, and longer service intervals continue to rise, the field of engine lubrication faces both significant challenges and unprecedented opportunities for innovation, such as evolving environmental regulations, the integration of alternative fuels, and advanced engine architectures that require new lubrication strategies. This Special Issue aims to explore the latest research, technological developments, and practical solutions related to engine and advanced powertrain lubrication.

Dr. Eduardo Tomanik
Prof. Dr. Bernardo Tormos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • engine oil
  • lubricant additives
  • fuel economy
  • friction
  • wear
  • alternative fuels impact

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 10597 KB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Startup Performance in High-Power Diesel Engine Lubrication Systems Under High-Altitude and Cold Conditions
by Zhonghao Gao, Yiqiao Guo, Wendi Zhu, Wei Du, Lanjie Huang and Hao Zhang
Lubricants 2026, 14(2), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants14020088 - 12 Feb 2026
Viewed by 719
Abstract
With the significant increase in the number of motor vehicles in plateau regions, the adaptability and reliability requirements of diesel engines operating under high-altitude and cold conditions have become increasingly critical. In this study, a one-dimensional transient simulation model of the overall engine [...] Read more.
With the significant increase in the number of motor vehicles in plateau regions, the adaptability and reliability requirements of diesel engines operating under high-altitude and cold conditions have become increasingly critical. In this study, a one-dimensional transient simulation model of the overall engine lubrication system was developed based on a physical experimental prototype. The multiphysics-coupled lubrication system was numerically modeled and analyzed, with particular emphasis on elucidating the influence mechanisms of high-altitude and cold environments on the startup performance of diesel engine lubrication systems. System responses under different ambient pressures (0.88 bar, 0.92 bar, 0.96 bar, and standard atmospheric pressure) and oil temperatures (30 °C, 55 °C, and 100 °C) were systematically investigated. In addition, variations in the opening degree of the oil pump pressure relief valve (closed, 4%, 30%, 60%, and 100%) were incorporated to reveal the governing effects of high-altitude and cold environments on lubrication system startup behavior. The results indicate that under high-altitude and cold conditions, the decrease in oil temperature is the dominant factor and exerts the most significant influence on the steady-state oil pressure and flow rate of the lubrication system. Variations in ambient pressure lead only to an equivalent shift in absolute oil pressure, with negligible effects on relative oil pressure, steady-state flow rate, response time, or filling rate. However, a reduction in atmospheric pressure leads to a decrease in the peak oil flow rate at the outlet of the oil pump. The opening degree of the pressure relief valve exhibits a nonlinear influence on the startup performance of the lubrication system, and significantly decreases the oil filling rate. This study innovatively develops a lubrication system performance prediction model under high-altitude, low-pressure, and low-temperature conditions. Calibrated using vehicle road-test data, the model quantifies for the first time the relative contributions of the three key factors to start-up lubrication performance, thereby providing a clear decision-making framework and prioritized improvement directions for the reliability-oriented design and safety threshold calibration of lubrication systems in high-altitude diesel engines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Advances in Internal Combustion Engines Lubrication)
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