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Lubricants
Special Issues
Tribology in Forging
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Tribology in Forging

A Special Issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2026) | Viewed by 1261

Editors

Prof. Dr. Kazuhiko Kitamura

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
Interests: forming; tribology; lubricants; friction; coating; wear
Prof. Dr. Ryo Matsumoto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
Interests: forging; press machine; lubrication; tooling; machine learning
Prof. Dr. Kunio Hayakawa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8017, Japan
Interests: forging; lubricant; tooling; coating; damage mechanics; simulation; lubricant test
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yoshikawa Yasuharu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-0073, Aichi, Japan
Interests: forging; lubrication; tooling; lubricant test; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Forging is a valuable process in manufacturing parts with precise dimensions, net shape, high strength in fatigue, a high quality of surfaces, etc. Tribology effectively contributes to forging by helping to reduce friction and wear under extremely severe conditions, including those of high pressures, high temperatures, and a high surface expansion ratio. Using a lower forming load can result in more precise dimensions, longer tool life, and higher energy efficiency even if only the friction is reduced. Additionally, environmental issues have appeared in forging, especially in lubricants and lubrication systems. A typical problem is in the phosphating lubricant process, for example. With the aim of achieving better forging techniques and reducing environmental loads in the manufacturing process, we seek to engage in a comprehensive discussion on tribology in forging. It includes studies on lubricants, lubrication systems, coatings, materials, press motion, pre-treatment before lubrication, pre-forming in multiple stages of forging, etc.

Prof. Dr. Kazuhiko Kitamura
Prof. Dr. Ryo Matsumoto
Prof. Dr. Kunio Hayakawa
Dr. Yoshikawa Yasuharu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lubricants
  • die coating
  • tooling
  • press machine
  • forging process

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 8637 KB  
Article
Development of Continuous Lubrication Method for Forward Extrusion
by Akira Yanagida, Yuya Hayashi and Kou Takahashi
Lubricants 2026, 14(9), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants14090344 - 6 Sep 2026
Viewed by 187
Abstract
Despite the extensive research that has been carried out on alternative liquid lubricants for extrusion processes, it remains challenging to apply liquid lubricants to forms involving long components, such as rotor shafts, which undergo substantial surface expansion. In this study, a continuous lubrication [...] Read more.
Despite the extensive research that has been carried out on alternative liquid lubricants for extrusion processes, it remains challenging to apply liquid lubricants to forms involving long components, such as rotor shafts, which undergo substantial surface expansion. In this study, a continuous lubrication method is proposed, in which lubricant is sealed into the extrusion die using a counterpunch. The negative pressure generated by the punch pulse motion during processing is utilised, and this is applied to the forward extrusion of a two-step shaft profile. The clearance between the container and the billet has a significant impact on the pooling of the lubricant within the extrusion die. It was established that, at a die half-angle of 15°, the maximum load was reduced by 15% at a billet diameter of 9.85 mm for a container diameter of 10 mm. A comparison of load–stroke diagrams from finite element method (FEM) simulations shows that the coefficient of friction (μ) decreased to approximately 0.05–0.1 during reloading and increased to a maximum of approximately 0.12 during loading. It was determined that the die half-angle of 30° resulted in a shorter sliding distance within the die than the 15° angle. This finding enables the suppression of the increase in friction. The findings of the FEM analysis substantiate the notion that material influx into the undercut area exerts an influence on relubrication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology in Forging)
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14 pages, 2921 KB  
Article
Improvement in Surface Quality of Ironing Product Using Differential Lubrication
by Kazuhito Asai, Kazuhiko Kitamura and Takumi Nishi
Lubricants 2026, 14(8), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants14080308 - 10 Aug 2026
Viewed by 282
Abstract
Ironing is an effective process for precisely finishing a formed product at the final stage of a series of forming processes. Generally, a high-performance lubricant oil with high viscosity is used to prevent galling under severe forming conditions, but high-viscosity oil is difficult [...] Read more.
Ironing is an effective process for precisely finishing a formed product at the final stage of a series of forming processes. Generally, a high-performance lubricant oil with high viscosity is used to prevent galling under severe forming conditions, but high-viscosity oil is difficult to remove from the workpiece after the forming process. Residual oil can interfere with subsequent processes such as welding, heat treatment, and painting. Therefore, low-viscosity oils with excellent cleanability are desirable under severe ironing conditions. In this study, differential lubrication was applied to ironing to enable the use of low-viscosity lubricant oil. The results showed that severe galling occurred on the inner surface of the workpiece when a low-viscosity oil was used. However, no galling was observed when low- and high-viscosity oils were applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the workpiece, respectively. These results indicate that differential lubrication enables the use of a low-viscosity lubricant oil without galling while maintaining high surface quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology in Forging)
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