Literary Experiments with Cognition

A special issue of Literature (ISSN 2410-9789).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2025) | Viewed by 6890

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Interests: literature from Germany, Austria; French literature; Eastern Middle European literature (Poland, Slowakia, Czech Republic, Hungary); literary theory; empirical aesthetics; poetics

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Guest Editor
Writing Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3170, USA
Interests: American literature; British literature; cognitive studies and/or psychoanalysis; genders and sexualities

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute a paper to the Special Issue “Literary Experiments with Cognition”.

Experiments with human cognition usually take place in a laboratory. Today, neurocognitive researchers can locate language processes in the brain with unprecedented precision. We now know that understanding words depends on the surprising interaction between what was previously believed to be distinct brain areas. For example, hearing or reading the phrase “life is rough” activates brain regions devoted to touch (Lacey, Stilla, & Sathian, 2012), and moral disgust is connected to visceral stimulation (Sapolsky, 2017). In other words, the sensory experiences of rough surfaces and nausea ground our understanding of these abstract concepts. Similarly, we are able to read because evolution has provided us with an object recognition system, shared with monkeys, that can couple scripts with brain areas (unique to humans) coding for meaning and pronunciation (Dehaene, 2009). When it comes to the sound shape of language, entrainment through rhythm or repetition (the “when”) can determine selective perception and cognition (the “what”) (e.g., Poeppel and Teng, 2020). Understanding language depends on everything from embodied cognition to shape recognition and the processing of phonological patterns.

But, this dynamic nature of comprehension is something that writers experimented with long before scientists began scrutinizing brains with the help of fMRI and PET scans. From the mnemonic phrases of Homeric ballads to the missing vowels of Georges Perec, literature is rich in examples of how language comprehension goes beyond words. That is why an examination of literary form is particularly potent for explorations of the extent to which cognitive processes are integrated.

We invite essays that approach this question from the perspectives of conceptual integration, reader reception, and empirical studies, thus contributing to the growing field of cognitive literary studies (see e.g., Kukkonen et al., 2019; Zunshine, 2015). Topics could include mnemonics, deixis, affordance, narrative structure, and other formal elements that might influence emotions, empathy, attention, or comprehension. We also invite papers that examine the relationship between script and cognition, such as the capacity of language to communicate through both phonological and lexical routes, as well as issues related to translation. We invite a broad range of interdisciplinary papers from any period, genre, and language that speak to how form might experiment with thought.

This is the first Special Issue of Literature devoted to cognitive literary studies. With this issue, we aim to advance the growing field of cognitive literary studies by probing what literature experiments can tell us about cognition. As Guest Editors, we invite contributions from scholars who are committed to interdisciplinary approaches to the study of literature, ideally with expert knowledge of both the cognitive sciences and the humanities.

We envision that this Special Issue will include a range of approaches stating how we can integrate cognitive sciences and literary studies in mutually beneficial ways, with a particular focus on formal experimentation, showcasing the range of the interdisciplinary work that is being carried out by cognitive humanities scholars today. Our hope is that this Special Issue will offer fresh perspectives on how we can read, teach, and study literature in the light of the quickly evolving findings of cognitive sciences.

Dr. Christine A. Knoop
Dr. Aili Pettersson Peeker
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Literature is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aesthetics
  • empirical approaches to the study of literature
  • cognitive science
  • experimental literature
  • phenomenology
  • prosody
  • reader reception
  • script

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 371 KB  
Article
Literarinesses—A Bag of Three-Sided Coins
by Christine A. Knoop and Stefan Blohm
Literature 2025, 5(3), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/literature5030021 - 12 Aug 2025
Viewed by 343
Abstract
The theoretical question of what makes texts “literary” has a long tradition in literary studies. At the level of concrete individual encounters/transactions between readers and texts, literariness has been shown to reflect how actual readers pre-categorize, approach, and process texts. Literariness has been [...] Read more.
The theoretical question of what makes texts “literary” has a long tradition in literary studies. At the level of concrete individual encounters/transactions between readers and texts, literariness has been shown to reflect how actual readers pre-categorize, approach, and process texts. Literariness has been approached from three different angles: the study of formal and semantic features of literary language, which dates back to the formalist beginnings of the concept; the study of literary reading modes and the generalized literary categories in which they are grounded; and the study of actual reading experiences. We argue (1) that these three aspects are mutually dependent and, in fact, constitute three sides of the same coin and (2) that different texts and genres instantiate distinct literariness profiles, that is, distinct ‘literarinesses’ in the mind of the reader—what makes a text literary differs between text types. Building on previous work in linguistics, literary studies, psychology, and stylistics, we discuss the cognitive implications of these two central claims for the reader. We also integrate our approach with extant research on genre-specific profiles and develop a set of ideas for future research in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Literary Experiments with Cognition)
18 pages, 302 KB  
Article
Attention, Please! Maria Edgeworth’s Educational Short Fiction as Literary Experiments with Attention
by Hannah Armour and Sibylle Baumbach
Literature 2025, 5(3), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/literature5030020 - 8 Aug 2025
Viewed by 469
Abstract
In her aim to establish education as a scientifically grounded discipline—conceived as “an experimental science” in her non-fictional treatise Practical Education (1798)—Maria Edgeworth pioneered the integration of literary attention into educational practice. This paper examines her use of different short prose forms as [...] Read more.
In her aim to establish education as a scientifically grounded discipline—conceived as “an experimental science” in her non-fictional treatise Practical Education (1798)—Maria Edgeworth pioneered the integration of literary attention into educational practice. This paper examines her use of different short prose forms as a means of cultivating attentional capacities in young children and adolescents, while simultaneously providing educators with adaptable tools for designing exercises targeted to varying levels of attentiveness. Through close analysis of two narratives, “The Purple Jar” and “The Good French Governess”, we argue that Edgeworth’s short stories and tales experiment with various degrees of (narrative) complexity to foster the development of two key attentional habits, the transition of thought and the abstraction of attention, both essential for navigating everyday environments. Our findings suggest that Edgeworth’s literary experiments not only contribute to our understanding of attentional affordances of different short fiction forms and help advance knowledge about literature and cognition; they also underscore the pedagogical potential of “attention narratives” in educational contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Literary Experiments with Cognition)
21 pages, 698 KB  
Article
Judging Books by Their Covers: The Impact of Text and Image Features on the Aesthetic Evaluation and Memorability of Italian Novels
by Kirren Chana, Jan Mikuni, Simone Rebora, Gabriele Vezzani, Anja Meyer, Massimo Salgaro and Helmut Leder
Literature 2025, 5(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/literature5020013 - 7 Jun 2025
Viewed by 2427
Abstract
Book covers are often the first component seen before a reader engages with a book’s contents; therefore, careful consideration is given to the text and image features that constitute their design. This study investigates the effects of the presentation of verbal (text) and [...] Read more.
Book covers are often the first component seen before a reader engages with a book’s contents; therefore, careful consideration is given to the text and image features that constitute their design. This study investigates the effects of the presentation of verbal (text) and visual (image) features on memorability and aesthetic evaluation in the context of book covers. To this aim, 50 participants took part in a memory recognition task in which the same book cover information was encoded in a learning phase, and either text or image features from the book covers acted as an informational cue for memory recognition and aesthetic evaluations. Our results revealed that image features significantly aided memory performance more than text features. Image features that were rated more beautiful were not better recognized as a result. However, differences in memory performance were found in relation to familiarity and, in a non-linear fashion, the extent to which the book’s contents could be inferred from the image’s informational content. Additionally, reading behavior was not found to influence memory performance. These results are discussed with regard to the interplay of text and image informational cues on book cover perception and provide implications for future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Literary Experiments with Cognition)
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14 pages, 232 KB  
Article
Thinking (Im)Possibilities: Cognitive Acts of Imagination and Autofictional Books
by Alexandra Effe
Literature 2025, 5(2), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/literature5020012 - 31 May 2025
Viewed by 998
Abstract
Autofiction often interweaves the (phenomenologically) real and the unreal. It is definitionally in some way about the author as a real-life person but also frequently features elements that are impossible by real-life standards, or at least seem highly unlikely. This article argues that [...] Read more.
Autofiction often interweaves the (phenomenologically) real and the unreal. It is definitionally in some way about the author as a real-life person but also frequently features elements that are impossible by real-life standards, or at least seem highly unlikely. This article argues that autofiction provides a training ground for imaginative acts and has the potential to change our understanding of what is possible, not only in literature but also in life. This article substantiates this hypothesis by integrating models from Text World Theory, Unnatural Narratology, and a Predictive-Processing account of reading, as well as neuroscientific research on the default mode network and on literary writing and reading. The article finally draws on reader responses from the platform “Goodreads” as tentative evidence for how autofictional texts affect intuitions about the (im)possible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Literary Experiments with Cognition)
20 pages, 333 KB  
Article
Sharing Sensory Knowledge: Edwidge Danticat’s Breath, Eyes, Memory
by Laura Christine Otis
Literature 2025, 5(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/literature5020010 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 1450
Abstract
Recent cognitive literary studies of fiction have begun to reveal patterns in the ways authors engage readers’ bodily and environmentally grounded imaginations. This study brings fiction writers’ craft knowledge into conversation with neuroscientific, cognitive, and literary studies of multimodal imagery and other embodied [...] Read more.
Recent cognitive literary studies of fiction have begun to reveal patterns in the ways authors engage readers’ bodily and environmentally grounded imaginations. This study brings fiction writers’ craft knowledge into conversation with neuroscientific, cognitive, and literary studies of multimodal imagery and other embodied responses to fiction reading. Developed through years of literary experiments, craft knowledge involves using language not just to engage readers’ senses but to broaden their understandings of how senses work. A close analysis of Edwidge Danticat’s craft techniques in Breath, Eyes, Memory (1994) affirms some recent literary and scientific findings on how language can activate readers’ sensory and motor systems. Danticat’s cues to readers’ imaginations present a relational, environmentally engaged kind of sensorimotor experience that may widen scientific understandings of how sensory and motor systems collaboratively ground cognition. By helping diverse readers imagine a young Haitian American woman’s movements, sensations, and emotions, Danticat’s craft also does political work, depicting the inner lives of characters under-represented in widely published fiction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Literary Experiments with Cognition)
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