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Life
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Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer and Biomarkers of Response
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Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer and Biomarkers of Response

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 15051

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hugo Arasanz Esteban

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
Interests: programmed death-1 Ligand-1 (PDL1); checkpoint; tumor associated leukocyte
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paula Aldaz Donamaria

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cancer Signaling Group, Navarrabiomed, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
Interests: stem cells; targeted therapies; glioblastoma; cell culture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the treatment of lung cancer has experienced a radical change during the last several years, and relevant advances to replace the standard of care are presented every few months. However, the majority of patients do not respond to treatment, and the predictive biomarkers proposed thus far are lacking in accuracy. Furthermore, the mechanistics are not yet clear, and although CD4 and CD8 T cells are considered key players, other cells and molecules might strongly condition the response to immunotherapy. These are unmet needs on which basic and clinical research is spending great effort.

In addition, other immunotherapeutic treatments, such as vaccines, antibody-based targeted therapies and adoptive therapies, are being investigated for this disease, and outcomes from small non-randomized trials indicate the feasibility and potential of these approaches.

This Special Issue intends to gather work regarding advances in the mechanistics of immunotherapy in NSCLC, as well as novel approaches for the treatment of this disease.

Dr. Hugo Arasanz Esteban
Dr. Paula Aldaz Donamaria
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • NSCLC
  • immunotherapy
  • biomarkers
  • checkpoint

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

15 pages, 1980 KiB  
Review
CAR-T Cells for the Treatment of Lung Cancer
by Luisa Chocarro, Hugo Arasanz, Leticia Fernández-Rubio, Ester Blanco, Miriam Echaide, Ana Bocanegra, Lucía Teijeira, Maider Garnica, Idoia Morilla, Maite Martínez-Aguillo, Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida, Pablo Ramos, Juan José Lasarte, Ruth Vera, Grazyna Kochan and David Escors
Life 2022, 12(4), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040561 - 08 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4083
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with genetically modified T lymphocytes that express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) is one of the most promising advanced therapies for the treatment of cancer, with unprecedented outcomes in hematological malignancies. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors is [...] Read more.
Adoptive cell therapy with genetically modified T lymphocytes that express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) is one of the most promising advanced therapies for the treatment of cancer, with unprecedented outcomes in hematological malignancies. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors is still very unsatisfactory, because of the strong immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that hinders immune responses. The development of next-generation personalized CAR-T cells against solid tumors is a clinical necessity. The identification of therapeutic targets for new CAR-T therapies to increase the efficacy, survival, persistence, and safety in solid tumors remains a critical frontier in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarize basic, translational, and clinical results of CAR-T cell immunotherapies in lung cancer, from their molecular engineering and mechanistic studies to preclinical and clinical development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer and Biomarkers of Response)
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27 pages, 2777 KiB  
Review
CXCL13 in Cancer and Other Diseases: Biological Functions, Clinical Significance, and Therapeutic Opportunities
by San-Hui Gao, Sheng-Zhi Liu, Gui-Zhen Wang and Guang-Biao Zhou
Life 2021, 11(12), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121282 - 23 Nov 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5692
Abstract
The development of cancer is a multistep and complex process involving interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). C-X-C chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor, CXCR5, make crucial contributions to this process by triggering intracellular signaling cascades in malignant cells [...] Read more.
The development of cancer is a multistep and complex process involving interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). C-X-C chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor, CXCR5, make crucial contributions to this process by triggering intracellular signaling cascades in malignant cells and modulating the sophisticated TME in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. The CXCL13/CXCR5 axis has a dominant role in B cell recruitment and tertiary lymphoid structure formation, which activate immune responses against some tumors. In most cancer types, the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis mediates pro-neoplastic immune reactions by recruiting suppressive immune cells into tumor tissues. Tobacco smoke and haze (smohaze) and the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene induce the secretion of CXCL13 by lung epithelial cells, which contributes to environmental lung carcinogenesis. Interestingly, the knockout of CXCL13 inhibits benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal cancer in mice. Thus, a better understanding of the context-dependent functions of the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis in tumor tissue and the TME is required to design an efficient immune-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular events and TME alterations caused by CXCL13/CXCR5 and briefly discuss the potentials of agents targeting this axis in different malignant tumors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer and Biomarkers of Response)
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Figure 1

8 pages, 229 KiB  
Review
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. A Narrative Review
by Lavinia Gatteschi, Mauro Iannopollo and Alessandro Gonfiotti
Life 2021, 11(10), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101036 - 01 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2002
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and it is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. For early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), surgical resection is the treatment of choice, but the 5-year survival is still unsatisfying, ranging from [...] Read more.
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and it is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. For early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), surgical resection is the treatment of choice, but the 5-year survival is still unsatisfying, ranging from 60% to 36% depending on the disease stage. Multimodality treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy did not lead to clinically relevant results, improving survival rates by only 5%. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being studied as neoadjuvant treatment for resectable NSCLC too, after the satisfactory results obtained in stage IV disease. Several clinical trials are evaluating the safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and their early findings suggest that ICIs could be better tolerated than standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy and more effective in reducing cancer local recurrence and metastasis. The aim of this review is to retrace the most relevant results of the completed and the ongoing clinical trials, in terms of efficacy and safety, but also to face the open challenges regarding ICIs in neoadjuvant setting for resectable NSCLC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer and Biomarkers of Response)
16 pages, 318 KiB  
Review
Clinical Efficacy and Future Prospects of Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer
by Tomonari Kinoshita, Hideki Terai and Tomonori Yaguchi
Life 2021, 11(10), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101029 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2190
Abstract
The three major conventional treatments: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, have been commonly performed for lung cancer. However, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a very effective new treatment modality, and there is now [...] Read more.
The three major conventional treatments: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, have been commonly performed for lung cancer. However, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a very effective new treatment modality, and there is now growing enthusiasm for cancer immunotherapy worldwide. However, the results of clinical studies using immunotherapy are not always favorable. Understanding the steps involved in the recognition and eradication of cancer cells by the immune system seems essential to understanding why past immunotherapies have failed and how current therapies can be optimally utilized. In addition, the combination of immunotherapies, such as cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as the combination of these therapies with three conventional therapies, may pave the way for personalized immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the results of immunotherapies used in phase III clinical trials, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, and discuss the future prospects of immunotherapies in lung cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer and Biomarkers of Response)
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