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Life
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Challenging World of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Diseases
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Challenging World of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Diseases

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 9387

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Viola Tamási

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: lipid homeostasis; extracellular vesicles; cytochrome p450s; transcriptomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-sized particles surrounded by a lipid bilayer. They have various functions in the body—they are involved in communication, they transfer cargo molecules from one cell/tissue to another; simply put, they serve as eliminators of unwanted material from cells. They are produced constitutively or upon activation due to external and internal triggers. The cargo includes proteins (e.g., cytokines, chemokines), lipids (e.g., arachidonic acid metabolites), and nucleic acids (DNA, mRNAs, regulatory RNAs). Their molecular composition, number and size change depending on microenvironmental factors, external triggers and different pathophysiological circumstances (e.g., lipotoxicity, tumorigenesis, renal diseases, infections, stress). Therefore, they can be an integral part of the formation of different diseases. For example, in lipotoxicity, the amount of various ceramides is increased in the lipid layer and it makes their  membranes more lipotoxic. In cancer, extracellular vesicles carry miRNAs and proteins that promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. They have a critical role in the development and progression of autoimmunity. In this disease, EVs containing antigens are produced by autoimmune organs, and these microparticles can train immune cells on how to react. In addition to the illustrative examples above, there are many others where EVs can play a  central role in disease formation, progression and severity.

In this Special Issue, all articles are welcome which investigate the link between different diseases and extracellular vesicles, or which focus on pathophysiological processes driven by EVs.

Prof. Dr. Viola Tamási
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • disease
  • cancer
  • lipotoxicity
  • exosomes
  • microvesicles

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3159 KiB  
Article
Impact of Experimental Conditions on Extracellular Vesicles’ Proteome: A Comparative Study
by Tímea Böröczky, Gabriella Dobra, Mátyás Bukva, Edina Gyukity-Sebestyén, Éva Hunyadi-Gulyás, Zsuzsanna Darula, Péter Horváth, Krisztina Buzás and Mária Harmati
Life 2023, 13(1), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010206 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2089
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) research is a rapidly developing field, mainly due to the key role of EVs in intercellular communication and pathophysiological processes. However, the heterogeneity of EVs challenges their exploration and the establishment of gold-standard methods. Here, we aimed to reveal the [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicle (EV) research is a rapidly developing field, mainly due to the key role of EVs in intercellular communication and pathophysiological processes. However, the heterogeneity of EVs challenges their exploration and the establishment of gold-standard methods. Here, we aimed to reveal the influence of technical changes on EV biology and the reliability of experimental data. We used B16F1 melanoma cells as a model and applied nanoparticle tracking analysis, mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and pathway enrichment analysis to analyze the quantity, size distribution, proteome and function of their small EVs (sEVs) produced in sEV-depleted fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing medium or serum-free medium. Additionally, we investigated the effects of minor technical variances on the quality of sEV preparations. We found that storage of the isolates at −80 °C has no adverse effect on LC-MS/MS analysis, and an additional washing step after differential ultracentrifugation has a minor influence on the sEV proteome. In contrast, FBS starvation affects the production and proteome of sEVs; moreover, these vesicles may have a greater impact on protein metabolism, but a smaller impact on cell adhesion and membrane raft assembly, than the control sEVs. As we demonstrated that FBS starvation has a strong influence on sEV biology, applying serum-free conditions might be considered in in vitro sEV studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenging World of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Diseases)
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Review

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20 pages, 2074 KiB  
Review
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Diseases
by Viola Tamasi, Krisztina Németh and Miklós Csala
Life 2023, 13(5), 1117; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051117 - 30 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2716
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures that are formed by budding from the plasma membrane or originate from the endosomal system. These microparticles (100 nm–100 µm) or nanoparticles (>100 nm) can transport complex cargos to other cells and, thus, provide communication and [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures that are formed by budding from the plasma membrane or originate from the endosomal system. These microparticles (100 nm–100 µm) or nanoparticles (>100 nm) can transport complex cargos to other cells and, thus, provide communication and intercellular regulation. Various cells, such as hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) or hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), secrete and take up EVs in the healthy liver, and the amount, size and content of these vesicles are markedly altered under pathophysiological conditions. A comprehensive knowledge of the modified EV-related processes is very important, as they are of great value as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on hepatic EVs and the role they play in the homeostatic processes in the healthy liver. In addition, we discuss the characteristic changes of EVs and their potential exacerbating or ameliorating effects in certain liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), drug induced liver injury (DILI), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), hepatocarcinoma (HCC) and viral hepatitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenging World of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Diseases)
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15 pages, 704 KiB  
Review
Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Airway Disease
by Sung-Dong Kim and Kyu-Sup Cho
Life 2022, 12(12), 1994; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121994 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1954
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported as promising candidates for the treatment of various diseases, especially allergic diseases, as they have the capacity to differentiate into various cells. However, MSCs itself have several limitations such as creating a risk of aneuploidy, difficulty [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported as promising candidates for the treatment of various diseases, especially allergic diseases, as they have the capacity to differentiate into various cells. However, MSCs itself have several limitations such as creating a risk of aneuploidy, difficulty in handling them, immune rejection, and tumorigenicity, so interest in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from MSCs are increasing, and many studies have been reported. Previous studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by MSCs are as effective as the MSCs themselves in suppression of allergic airway inflammation through the suppression of Th2 cytokine production and the induction of regulatory T cells (Treg) expansion. EVs are one of the substances secreted by paracrine induction from MSCs, and because it exerts its effect by delivering contents such as mRNA, microRNA, and proteins to the receptor cell, it can reduce the problems or risks related to stem cell therapy. This article reviews the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs-derived EVs and their therapeutic implications for allergic airway disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenging World of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Diseases)
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22 pages, 1488 KiB  
Review
Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Demyelinating Diseases: Prospects in Treatment and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Neurological Disorders
by Leyla A. Ovchinnikova, Arthur O. Zalevsky and Yakov A. Lomakin
Life 2022, 12(11), 1943; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111943 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2023
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent membrane-enclosed structures that are likely to be secreted by all living cell types in the animal organism, including cells of peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides the possibility not [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent membrane-enclosed structures that are likely to be secreted by all living cell types in the animal organism, including cells of peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides the possibility not only for various EV-loaded molecules to be delivered to the brain tissues but also for the CNS-to-periphery transmission of these molecules. Since neural EVs transfer proteins and RNAs are both responsible for functional intercellular communication and involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, they represent attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss EVs’ role in maintaining the living organisms’ function and describe deviations in EVs’ structure and malfunctioning during various neurodegenerative diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenging World of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Diseases)
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