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Life
Special Issues
Cardiometabolic Disorders: From Pathophysiological Mechanism to Therapeutic Target
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Cardiometabolic Disorders: From Pathophysiological Mechanism to Therapeutic Target

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 12548

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Josko Bozic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: inflammatory bowel disease; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; heart failure; obstructive sleep apnea; nutrition; Mediterranean diet; orthorexia; nutritional habits
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Josip Andelo Borovac

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiovascular Diseases Department, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: interventional cardiology; heart failure; acute coronary syndrome; myocardial infarction; thrombosis; percutaneous coronary intervention; atherosclerosis; clinical trials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiometabolic syndromes and disorders intersecting at the crossroads of cardiovascular disease and metabolic dysregulation are rapidly becoming a non-communicable pandemic of the 21st century. Majorly prevalent behaviors in modern societies, such as the lack of physical activity, a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, smoking, alcohol use, and sleep deprivation, all act as independent risk factors able to trigger the onset of cardiometabolic disease. Such cardiometabolic derangements often coexist and encompass a spectrum of conditions such as insulin resistance, obesity, an impaired glucose tolerance, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and central adiposity. On the cellular level, these entities often exhibit complex pathophysiological pathways and interactions that entail a low-grade systemic inflammation, endothelial injury, sympathetic nervous system overactivity, alterations in the fatty acid metabolism, and cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the present Special Issue aims to feature the most comprehensive and up-to-date original articles and specialized reviews helping to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and biological targets central to the development and progression of cardiometabolic disorders, as well as to illustrate how these cardiometabolic abnormalities can bring about adverse cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke.

Dr. Josko Bozic
Dr. Josip Borovac
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiometabolic syndrome
  • cardiovascular disease
  • coronary artery disease
  • arterial hypertension
  • glucose intolerance
  • inflammation
  • insulin resistance
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • obesity

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2774 KiB  
Article
Overexpression of a Short Sulfonylurea Splice Variant Increases Cardiac Glucose Uptake and Uncouples Mitochondria by Regulating ROMK Activity
by Sarah K. El-Meanawy, Holly Dooge, Allison C. Wexler, Anna C. Kosmach, Lara Serban, Elizabeth A. Santos, Francisco J. Alvarado, Timothy A. Hacker and Mohun Ramratnam
Life 2023, 13(4), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13041015 - 14 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1241
Abstract
The mitochondrial splice variant of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR2A-55) is associated with protection from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, increased mitochondrial ATP sensitive K+ channel activity (mitoKATP) and altered glucose metabolism. While mitoKATP channels composed of CCDC51 and ABCB8 exist, [...] Read more.
The mitochondrial splice variant of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR2A-55) is associated with protection from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, increased mitochondrial ATP sensitive K+ channel activity (mitoKATP) and altered glucose metabolism. While mitoKATP channels composed of CCDC51 and ABCB8 exist, the mitochondrial K+ pore regulated by SUR2A-55 is unknown. We explored whether SUR2A-55 regulates ROMK to form an alternate mitoKATP. We assessed glucose uptake in mice overexpressing SUR2A-55 (TGSUR2A−55) compared with WT mice during IR injury. We then examined the expression level of ROMK and the effect of ROMK modulation on mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in WT and TGSUR2A−55 mice. TGSUR2A−55 had increased glucose uptake compared to WT mice during IR injury. The expression of ROMK was similar in WT compared to TGSUR2A−55 mice. ROMK inhibition hyperpolarized resting cardiomyocyte Δψm from TGSUR2A−55 mice but not from WT mice. In addition, TGSUR2A−55 and ROMK inhibitor treated WT isolated cardiomyocytes had enhanced mitochondrial uncoupling. ROMK inhibition blocked diazoxide induced Δψm depolarization and prevented preservation of Δψm from FCCP perfusion in WT and to a lesser degree TGSUR2A−55 mice. In conclusion, cardio-protection from SUR2A-55 is associated with ROMK regulation, enhanced mitochondrial uncoupling and increased glucose uptake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiometabolic Disorders: From Pathophysiological Mechanism to Therapeutic Target)
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13 pages, 880 KiB  
Article
Protein Hydrolysates from Brewing By-Products as Natural Alternatives to ACE-Inhibitory Drugs for Hypertension Management
by Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira, Zita E. Martins, Miguel Ângelo Faria, Joana Beatriz Sousa, Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira and Carmen Diniz
Life 2022, 12(10), 1554; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12101554 - 07 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1608
Abstract
The treatment of hypertension is of major importance to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are anti-hypertensive drugs associated with several side effects. Natural products, namely bioactive peptides from brewing by-products, brewers’ spent [...] Read more.
The treatment of hypertension is of major importance to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are anti-hypertensive drugs associated with several side effects. Natural products, namely bioactive peptides from brewing by-products, brewers’ spent grain (BSG), and yeast (BSY), are promising alternatives since they can inhibit ACE in vitro. However, the oral intake of these peptides may modify their expected inhibitory effect owing to possible changes in active peptides’ bioavailability, which have not been assessed so far. The goal of this study was to simulate oral administration to evaluate BSG/BSY peptides’ effectiveness by submitting protein hydrolysates sequentially to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal absorption (Caco-2 cells), and liver metabolism (HepG2 cells). MTT assay was used to assess BSG/BSY protein hydrolysates safeness. The ACE-inhibitory potential of initial and final protein hydrolysates (BSY, BSG, and a new product, MIX) were tested using a fluorometric assay and compared with captopril (1 µM, an ACE-inhibitory drug). Simulation of oral administration greatly increased BSY and MIX protein hydrolysates’ ACE-inhibitory capacity, though final MIX and BSG revealed greater ACE-inhibitory potential than captopril. Notwithstanding, all final protein hydrolysates presented ACE-inhibitory capacity, thus being promising compounds to manage hypertension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiometabolic Disorders: From Pathophysiological Mechanism to Therapeutic Target)
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Review

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14 pages, 555 KiB  
Review
Exercise Effects on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
by Evanthia Bletsa, Evangelos Oikonomou, Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Panagiota K. Stampouloglou, Christos Fragoulis, Stavroula P. Lontou, Emmanouil Korakas, Eirini Beneki, Konstantinos Kalogeras, Vaia Lambadiari, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Manolis Vavouranakis and Gerasimos Siasos
Life 2023, 13(8), 1742; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081742 - 14 Aug 2023
Viewed by 2091
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is a dynamic process, which is characterized by changes in ventricular size, shape, and wall thickness, thus altering myocardial geometry and function, and is considered as a negative prognostic factor in patients with heart failure (HF). Hypertension, type 2 [...] Read more.
Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is a dynamic process, which is characterized by changes in ventricular size, shape, and wall thickness, thus altering myocardial geometry and function, and is considered as a negative prognostic factor in patients with heart failure (HF). Hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity are strongly correlated with the development and the progression of LV remodeling, LV hypertrophy, and LV systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction. Indeed, the beneficial impact of exercise training on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been well-established. Recent studies have highlighted that exercise training enhances functional capacity, muscle strength and endurance, cardiac function, and cardiac-related biomarkers among patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) or HF, thus substantially improving their cardiovascular prognosis, survival rates, and need for rehospitalization. Therefore, in this review article, we discuss the evidence of LV remodeling in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as hypertension, T2D, and obesity, and also highlight the current studies evaluating the effect of exercise training on LV remodeling in these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiometabolic Disorders: From Pathophysiological Mechanism to Therapeutic Target)
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20 pages, 1249 KiB  
Review
Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathophysiologic Mechanisms, and the Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors
by Panagiotis Theofilis, Evangelos Oikonomou, Konstantinos Tsioufis and Dimitris Tousoulis
Life 2023, 13(2), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020497 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4803
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are frequently encountered afflictions that are linked by a common pathophysiologic background. According to landmark studies, those conditions frequently coexist, and this interaction represents a poor prognostic indicator. Based on mechanistic studies, HF can be propagated [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are frequently encountered afflictions that are linked by a common pathophysiologic background. According to landmark studies, those conditions frequently coexist, and this interaction represents a poor prognostic indicator. Based on mechanistic studies, HF can be propagated by multiple pathophysiologic pathways, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, and alterations in substrate utilization. In this regard, DM may augment myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, autonomic dysfunction, and lipotoxicity. As the interaction between DM and HF appears critical, the new cornerstone in DM and HF treatment, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), may be able to revert the pathophysiology of those conditions and lead to beneficial HF outcomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the deleterious pathophysiologic interaction between DM and HF, as well as demonstrate the beneficial role of SGLT2i in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiometabolic Disorders: From Pathophysiological Mechanism to Therapeutic Target)
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16 pages, 513 KiB  
Review
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Novel Antidiabetic Agents
by Panagiotis Theofilis, Marios Sagris, Evangelos Oikonomou, Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Gerasimos Siasos, Kostas Tsioufis and Dimitris Tousoulis
Life 2022, 12(11), 1829; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111829 - 09 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1743
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide and remains one of the leading causes of atherosclerotic disease. Several antidiabetic agents have been introduced in trying to regulate glucose control levels with different mechanisms of action. These agents, and sodium-glucose [...] Read more.
The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide and remains one of the leading causes of atherosclerotic disease. Several antidiabetic agents have been introduced in trying to regulate glucose control levels with different mechanisms of action. These agents, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in particular, have been endorsed by contemporary guidelines in patients with or without T2DM. Their widespread usage during the last three decades has raised awareness in the scientific community concerning their pleiotropic mechanisms of action, including their putative anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, we delve into the anti-inflammatory role and mechanism of the existing antidiabetic agents in the cardiovascular system and their potential use in other chronic sterile inflammatory conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiometabolic Disorders: From Pathophysiological Mechanism to Therapeutic Target)
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