Gastrointestinal Diseases: Innovations in Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Prognosis

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 1392

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3rd Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Merciful Brothers University Hospital, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The last several decades have brought about many advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gastrointestinal diseases. In this Special Issue, "Gastrointestinal Diseases: Innovations in Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Prognosis", we aim to focus on new innovative articles that showcase new diagnostic tools and methods for detecting all types of gastrointestinal tract diseases. We will explore the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms for the analysis of medical images and the identification of early signs of cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases. Additionally, we aim to combine these methods with clinical examination, which is the most important aspect of patient treatment. Our goal is to highlight new methods in the field of gastrointestinal diseases, as well as specific clinical cases from practice.

We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Dr. Ľudovít Danihel
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • diagnostics
  • therapeutics
  • gastrointestinal diseases
  • artificial intelligence
  • clinical cases

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2311 KiB  
Article
Spleno-Mesenteric Venous Blood Flow Dynamics in Adult Patients with Chronic Portal Vein Thrombosis Analyzed by Sequential CT-Spleno- and Mesenterico-Portography
by Alexandra Schlitt, Andrea Goetz, Christian Stroszczynski, Florian Zeman, Christina Hackl, Hans J. Schlitt, Ernst-Michael Jung, Wibke Uller and Simone Hammer
Life 2025, 15(1), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15010129 - 20 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) leads to portal hypertension (PH) with its sequelae. Computed tomography spleno-mesenterico-portography (CT-SMPG) combines sequential CT spleno-portography and CT mesenterico-portography. CT-SMPG comprehensively illustrates the venous hemodynamic changes due to PH. Objective: To assess the effects of PV confluence thrombosis [...] Read more.
Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) leads to portal hypertension (PH) with its sequelae. Computed tomography spleno-mesenterico-portography (CT-SMPG) combines sequential CT spleno-portography and CT mesenterico-portography. CT-SMPG comprehensively illustrates the venous hemodynamic changes due to PH. Objective: To assess the effects of PV confluence thrombosis (PVCT) and liver cirrhosis on venous blood flow characteristics of patients with PVT. Method: CT-SMPG was performed in 21 patients with chronic PVT. CT-SMPG was compared to standard contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and gastroscopy concerning the patency of splanchnic veins, varices and venous congestion. Results: PVCT had a significant effect on perfusion patterns: in patients without PVCT, esophageal varices (EV) and gastric varices were supplied by either the splenic vein (SV), the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), or both. In patients with PVCT, EV and gastric varices were mostly supplied by the SV (p = 0.021, p = 0.016). In patients without PVCT, small bowel varices were fed by both systems or the SMV, while in patients with PVCT they were fed by the SMV (p = 0.031). No statistically significant changes were detected regarding gastropathy, colorectal varices and small bowel congestion. Liver cirrhosis had no statistically relevant effect on hemodynamics. Conclusions: In CT-SMPG, patients with PVCT showed different venous hemodynamics to patients without PVCT, and this can serve as a basis for selecting therapy options. Full article
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21 pages, 580 KiB  
Systematic Review
Guidance on the Surgical Management of Rectal Cancer: An Umbrella Review
by Ionut Negoi
Life 2025, 15(6), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15060955 - 13 Jun 2025
Viewed by 140
Abstract
This umbrella review synthesizes international guidelines on the surgical management of rectal cancer to provide unified recommendations tailored to local healthcare organizations. This review emphasizes the importance of surgical centralization in high-volume centers, which maximizes outcomes, reduces morbidity, and increases survival rates. Minimally [...] Read more.
This umbrella review synthesizes international guidelines on the surgical management of rectal cancer to provide unified recommendations tailored to local healthcare organizations. This review emphasizes the importance of surgical centralization in high-volume centers, which maximizes outcomes, reduces morbidity, and increases survival rates. Minimally invasive approaches, such as laparoscopy and robotic surgery, are highlighted for their perioperative benefits, although careful patient selection and surgical expertise are required. Mechanical bowel preparation combined with oral antibiotics is recommended to effectively reduce complications, including surgical site infections and anastomotic leakage. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols have been shown to significantly improve postoperative recovery and reduce hospital stay duration. Comprehensive perioperative care, including venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and infection control, is essential for optimal patient outcomes. This review underscores the need for structured training, certification, and regular audits for advanced techniques such as robotic surgery and transanal total mesorectal excision. Implementation of a national database is recommended to support ongoing improvements in rectal cancer surgery. This review centralizes evidence-based recommendations to guide surgical decision-making and harmonize the multidisciplinary care for patients with rectal cancer. Full article
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