The Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer and Diseases and Therapeutic Explorations

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 3335

Special Issue Editors

Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: cancer; metabolism; metabolic reprogramming; mitochondrial carriers; skeletal muscle; cardiovascular diseases

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Guest Editor
Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: cancer stem cells; epigenetics; cell signaling; transcriptional regulation; post-translation modifications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, play a fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism, apoptosis, and redox homeostasis. Beyond their classical bioenergetic functions, mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and signalling have been increasingly recognized as critical factors in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, as well as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. This Special Issue welcomes contributions relating to mitochondrial research including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Role of mitochondria in metabolic reprogramming in cancer progression;
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and cancer development;
  • Mitochondrial role in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases;
  • Mitochondrial dynamics (fusion, fission, and mitophagy) in neurodegeneration;
  • Mitophagy and autophagy in health and disease;
  • Role of mitochondrial fission and fusion in cellular homeostasis;
  • Role of mitochondrial ROS in signaling and pathology;
  • mtDNA mutations in inherited and acquired diseases;
  • Mitochondrial–nuclear crosstalk and epigenetic regulation;
  • Mitochondrial role in immune cell activation and inflammation;
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction in autoimmune diseases;
  • Mitochondria-driven inflammation in cancer and chronic diseases;
  • Mitochondria-targeted drugs and precision medicine;
  • Mitochondria in aging and longevity;
  • Mitochondrial decline as a driver of aging;
  • Caloric restriction, exercise, and their impact on mitochondrial health.

This Special Issue explores the intricate role of mitochondria in disease progression, with a focus on cancers and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. It brings together cutting-edge research on targeting mitochondrial pathways for novel treatments, including mitochondrial-directed drugs, metabolic inhibitors, and gene-editing approaches.

Dr. Amer Ahmed
Dr. Barbara Illi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cancer metabolism
  • mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations
  • oxidative stress
  • mitophagy and autophagy
  • mitochondria-targeted therapy
  • metabolic reprograming
  • mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission)
  • redox biology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 2107 KB  
Article
UVA Irradiation Promotes ROS-Mediated Formation of the Common Deletion in Mitochondrial DNA
by Gabriele A. Fontana, Navnit K. Singh, Nadezhda Rotankova, Antonia Eichelberg, Michela Di Filippo, Michael R. MacArthur, Susanne Heldmaier, Franziska Wandrey, Hans-Dietmar Beer, Shana J. Sturla and Hailey L. Gahlon
Life 2026, 16(4), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16040577 - 1 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes adverse skin changes such as premature aging. UV-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations, including deletions, contribute to photoaging and cellular dysfunction. While the most frequent mtDNA rearrangement is the common deletion (CD), characterized by the loss of [...] Read more.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes adverse skin changes such as premature aging. UV-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations, including deletions, contribute to photoaging and cellular dysfunction. While the most frequent mtDNA rearrangement is the common deletion (CD), characterized by the loss of nearly one-third of the genome (4977 bp), detailed knowledge of mechanisms governing UV-mediated initiation of the CD and mitigation strategies are lacking. Here, we investigated how increasing UV exposure increases CD levels in human skin fibroblasts via cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mtDNA oxidation and demonstrated that antioxidant preconditioning of cells prevents UVA-induced CD accumulation. Conversely, UVB exposure induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) without affecting ROS, suggesting an ROS-independent pathway. Using a 3D full-thickness human skin model, we confirmed UVA-dependent CD formation in both the epidermis and dermis. RNA-Seq analysis of UVA-exposed fibroblasts revealed upregulation of mitochondrial DNA replication genes and downregulation of mtDNA repair genes. These findings provide insight into how UVA and UVB differ in detrimental effects on mtDNA, with UVA impacting mtDNA maintenance and transcription via a ROS-dependent mechanism, and provide a physiologically relevant platform to evaluate potential interventions. Full article
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Review

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27 pages, 1051 KB  
Review
Pathogenic Mechanisms in Cervical Cancer: Energy Metabolism, Hypoxia and Therapy
by Valentina Giorgio, Valentina Del Dotto, Martina Grandi, Silvia Grillini, Giancarlo Solaini and Alessandra Baracca
Life 2026, 16(3), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16030450 - 10 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Cervical cancer has a high incidence and mortality, and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The infection with high-risk subtypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) represents a crucial factor in the development of precancerous lesions. HPV oncoproteins [...] Read more.
Cervical cancer has a high incidence and mortality, and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The infection with high-risk subtypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) represents a crucial factor in the development of precancerous lesions. HPV oncoproteins target multiple host factors to promote uncontrolled cellular proliferation, genomic instability, profound metabolic reprogramming, resistance to apoptosis and immune evasion. Thus, cervical carcinogenesis involves metabolic reprogramming in patient cells, such as enhanced aerobic glycolysis, and altered glutamine, lipid and mitochondrial metabolism, which collectively support the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of cancer cells. Cancer cells also activate several mechanisms to adapt and survive under hypoxic/anoxic conditions. The mechanisms underlying cervical carcinogenesis often involve non-coding RNAs. This review aims at summarizing the mechanisms and factors involved in the development and progression of cervical cancer following HPV infection, and offers an overview of the available therapies that have been developed for this disease. Full article
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