Updates on Natural Killer/T‐cell Lymphomas

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 October 2021) | Viewed by 7326

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
Interests: management of lymhoid neoplasms in particular NK/T-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; experimental oncology; therapeutic use of arsenic trioxide in cancers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extra-nodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type is a distinct clinico-pathological entity that is more prevalent in Asians. In the past, the prognosis of patients with this lymphoma especially in advanced stage was very poor due to frequent missed or delayed diagnosis and ineffective therapies. With better understanding of the pathology and the selected use of effective chemotherapy regimens with or without radiotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the outcome of patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma has been improving. The use of immune check-point blockade immunotherapy has also been demonstrated to be highly efficacious in refractory cases. Nonetheless, many patients still experience relapse and/or refractory disease with dismal outcomes. Growing knowledge of the genomic landscape and pathogenesis of NK/T-cell lymphoma would lead to the rational design and development of novel therapeutic approaches for these high-risk patients.

The main purpose of this Special Issue is to gather expert opinion and to provide readers with an update on the latest development in the field of NK/T-cell lymphoma, a disease that is common in Asia. It also serves to provide practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of NK/T-cell lymphomas to clinicians who do not have frequent encounters with this disease in their medical centres.

Prof. Eric Tse
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Natural Killer/T-cell lymphoma
  • Extra-nodal lymphoma
  • Nasal lymphoma
  • Epstein Barr virus
  • Radiotherapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Chronic active EBV infection

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

19 pages, 1488 KiB  
Review
The Pathologic and Genetic Characteristics of Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma
by Hyunsung Kim and Young Hyeh Ko
Life 2022, 12(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010073 - 5 Jan 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3467
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma is a neoplasm of NK cells or cytotoxic T cells presenting in extranodal sites, most often in the nasal cavity. The typical immunophenotypes are cCD3+, sCD3−, CD4−, CD5−, CD8−, CD16−, and CD56+ with the expression of cytotoxic molecules. Tumor subsets [...] Read more.
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma is a neoplasm of NK cells or cytotoxic T cells presenting in extranodal sites, most often in the nasal cavity. The typical immunophenotypes are cCD3+, sCD3−, CD4−, CD5−, CD8−, CD16−, and CD56+ with the expression of cytotoxic molecules. Tumor subsets express NK cell receptors, CD95/CD95L, CD30, MYC, and PDL1. Virtually all the tumor cells harbor the EBV genome, which plays a key role in lymphomagenesis as an epigenetic driver. EBV-encoded oncoproteins modulate the host-cell epigenetic machinery, reprogramming the viral and host epigenomes using host epigenetic modifiers. NGS analysis revealed the mutational landscape of ENKTL, predominantly involving the JAK–STAT pathway, epigenetic modifications, the RNA helicase family, the RAS/MAP kinase pathway, and tumor suppressors, which indicate an important role of these pathways and this group of genes in the lymphomagenesis of ENKTL. Recently, three molecular subtypes were proposed, the tumor-suppressor/immune-modulator (TSIM), MGA-BRDT (MB), and HDAC9-EP300-ARID1A (HEA) subtypes, and they are well-correlated with the cell of origin, EBV pattern, genomic alterations, and clinical outcomes. A future investigation into the function and interaction of discovered genes would be very helpful for better understanding the molecular pathogenesis of ENKTL and establishing better treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Natural Killer/T‐cell Lymphomas)
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14 pages, 776 KiB  
Review
Towards Next Generation Biomarkers in Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma
by Jason Yongsheng Chan, Jing Quan Lim and Choon Kiat Ong
Life 2021, 11(8), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080838 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3221
Abstract
Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an Epstein–Barr virus-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma linked to an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Despite an improvement in survival outcomes with the incorporation of novel agents including immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of NKTCL, a significant proportion [...] Read more.
Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an Epstein–Barr virus-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma linked to an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Despite an improvement in survival outcomes with the incorporation of novel agents including immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of NKTCL, a significant proportion of patients still relapse or remain refractory to treatment. Several clinical prognostic models have been developed for NKTCL patients treated in the modern era, though the optimal approach to risk stratification remains to be determined. Novel molecular biomarkers derived from multi-omic profiling have recently been developed, with the potential to improve diagnosis, prognostication and treatment of this disease. Notably, a number of potential biomarkers have emerged from a better understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment and inflammatory responses. This includes a recently described 3′UTR structural variant in the PD-L1 gene, which confers susceptibility to checkpoint immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the biomarker landscape of NKTCL and highlight emerging biomarkers with the potential for clinical implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Natural Killer/T‐cell Lymphomas)
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