Prebiotic Chemistry: The Molecular Origins of Life

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Origin of Life".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 2587

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School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Giles Ln, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK
Interests: astrophysics and astrochemistry; environmental and atmospheric physics; plasma physics and nanolithography; next-generation radiotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue is to compile a set of articles that reviews recent progress in one of the most intriguing and still unresolved questions of science—the molecular origins of life. In particular, we wish to solicit articles on prebiotic chemistry that explore the non-biological synthesis of the building blocks of life, focusing on the chemical processes that could have led to the formation of the first living organisms on Earth. We encourage articles on how simple inorganic molecules, present on early Earth, might have spontaneously combined and organized into complex organic molecules, like amino acids, nucleic acids, and lipids, and the chemical pathways from these simple precursors to the self-replicating systems that would eventually evolve into the first cells. Articles can describe experiments, computational models, and simulations of early Earth, its formation, and evolution. Prebiotic chemistry on other bodies in our solar systems (e.g., Mars, Venus, and moons of Jupiter and Saturn) is also relevant to this Issue. Finally, with the discovery of exoplanets and the potential to study of their atmospheres, articles on potential biosignatures to detect life beyond our solar system and the prospect of life evolving on other planets are also welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Nigel Mason
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • astrobiology
  • astrochemistry
  • biochemistry
  • computational modelling
  • geochemistry
  • metabolic pathways
  • lipid formation
  • peptide synthesis
  • photochemistry
  • radiation chemistry
  • RNA world
  • self-assembly
  • systems chemistry

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 26486 KB  
Article
Shadow of a Shadow: Ferrocyanide and Nitroprusside as Sunscreens for Photosensitive Prebiotic Molecules
by Lukas Rossmanith, Sofia K. Platymesi, Samantha J. Thompson and Paul B. Rimmer
Life 2026, 16(5), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16050856 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2026
Abstract
Stellar irradiation is thought to be a significant contributor to the origin of life. Ultraviolet (UV) light interacting with iron cyanide complexes may play an important role in prebiotic chemistry. The UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectra of these iron cyanide complexes can be measured by [...] Read more.
Stellar irradiation is thought to be a significant contributor to the origin of life. Ultraviolet (UV) light interacting with iron cyanide complexes may play an important role in prebiotic chemistry. The UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectra of these iron cyanide complexes can be measured by the same source that drives the chemistry, providing a real-time in situ quantitative analysis of prebiotically relevant, UV-driven photochemistry. We measure the UV–Vis absorbances of ferrocyanide and nitroprusside, and relate these absorbances to known concentrations. We show that these absorbances can be combined to accurately predict the concentrations of ferrocyanide–nitroprusside mixtures that could be generated from ferrocyanide and nitroxyl salts irradiated by ultraviolet light. The ferrocyanide molar attenuation coefficients were found to be maximal at the following: εferrocyanide(340nm)=(2.2±0.4)×103dm2mol1. Nitroprusside peaks show the following values: εnitroprusside(340nm)=(4.1±0.3)×102dm2mol1, εnitroprusside(400nm)=(1.71±0.05)×102dm2mol1, and εnitroprusside(500nm)=62.1±1.7dm2mol1. With the help of our measured absorbances, we consider ferrocyanide and nitroprusside to function as sunscreens. In the absence of continuous ferrocyanide sources, UV-sensitive compounds could be protected on timescales of months. This would allow for compounds like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to survive for over a year at depths of 5 m, compared to a lifetime of 6 months when unprotected. Our toy model constrains the photochemical survival of compounds of interest to the origin of life community across a comprehensive spectral range and can be used to constrain the survival using different exoplanetary irradiative conditions; thus, we are able to explore the UV environment with the presence of ferrocyanide and nitroprusside and contribute to the wider discussion surrounding the prevalence of the origin of life in the Universe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotic Chemistry: The Molecular Origins of Life)
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10 pages, 1594 KB  
Article
The Exceptional Solubility of Cyclic Trimetaphosphate in the Presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+
by Megan G. Bachant and Ulrich F. Müller
Life 2026, 16(1), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010184 - 22 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Studying the origin of life requires identifying chemical and physical processes that could have supported early self-replicating and evolving molecular systems. Besides the requirement of information storage and transfer, an essential aspect is an energy source that could have thermodynamically driven the formation [...] Read more.
Studying the origin of life requires identifying chemical and physical processes that could have supported early self-replicating and evolving molecular systems. Besides the requirement of information storage and transfer, an essential aspect is an energy source that could have thermodynamically driven the formation and replication of these molecular assemblies. Chemical energy sources such as cyclic trimetaphosphate are attractive because they could drive replication with relatively simple catalysts. Here, we focus on cyclic trimetaphosphate (cTmp), and compare its solubility in water to linear triphosphate, pyrophosphate, and phosphite when Mg2+ or Ca2+ are present. These solubilities are important for facilitating the reactions under prebiotically plausible conditions. The results showed that cTmp was soluble even at molar concentrations of Mg2+ and little precipitation with 200 mM Ca2+. In contrast, pyrophosphate and linear triphosphate precipitated efficiently even at low divalent metal ion concentrations. The precipitation of phosphate was pH-dependent, showing similar precipitation with Mg2+ and Ca2+ at a prebiotically plausible pH of 6.5. Phosphite was soluble at high Mg2+ concentrations but started precipitating with increasing Ca2+ concentration. At conditions that model Archaean seawater, cTmp was the most soluble of these compounds. Together, this experimental overview may help to identify promising conditions for lab-based investigations of phosphate-based energy metabolisms in early life forms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotic Chemistry: The Molecular Origins of Life)
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