Stem Cells in Regeneration and Diseases

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 5270

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Interests: cancer biology; gene regulation; stem cell culture; stem cell differentiation; stem cells; cell culture; molecular cell biology; gene expression; regenerative medicine; stem cell biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stem cells, either embryonic, adult, or of engineered origin (e.g., iPS cells), have been used extensively in many research directions in recent decades. In addition, owing to their unique ability of self-renewal and long-term proliferation as well as differentiation, stem cells have become not only major players in regenerative medicine but also potential targets of diseases. However, despite our efforts in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of stem cells, the molecular mechanisms underlying the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of each stem cell type are not well-understood. In addition, the double standard in the understanding of stem cell behavior between in vivo (largely quiescent) and in vitro (hyperproliferative in general) settings masks the ‘true face’ of stem cells. The involvement of a ‘stem cell niche’ may help our understanding of a switch that controls the quiescence and proliferation of stem cells. However, positive and negative feedback loop mechanisms between stem cells and stem cell niches also increase the complexity of stem cell regulation.

This Special Issue will address the most advanced knowledge of stem cells and stem cell niches, aiming at presenting the most forefront issues in stem cell research to be discussed. The authors are encouraged to include any conflicting data and concepts in the past and present to promote current and future investigations in stem cell research.

Dr. Makoto Senoo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • embryonic stem (ES) cell
  • adult stem cell
  • somatic stem cell
  • induced pluripotent stem cells
  • self-renewal
  • proliferation
  • differentiation
  • stem cell niche
  • regeneration
  • stem cell diseases
 

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3140 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Precision of Kinetic Stem Cell (KSC) Counting for Specific Quantification of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Heterogeneous Tissue Cell Preparations
by Hitesh Chopra, Michael P. Daley, Adhya Kumar, James Sugai, Alex Dahlkemper, Darnell Kaigler and James L. Sherley
Life 2024, 14(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14010051 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
Kinetic stem cell (KSC) counting is a recently introduced first technology for quantifying tissue stem cells in vertebrate organ and tissue cell preparations. Previously, effective quantification of the fraction or dosage of tissue stem cells had been largely lacking in stem cell science [...] Read more.
Kinetic stem cell (KSC) counting is a recently introduced first technology for quantifying tissue stem cells in vertebrate organ and tissue cell preparations. Previously, effective quantification of the fraction or dosage of tissue stem cells had been largely lacking in stem cell science and medicine. A general method for the quantification of tissue stem cells will accelerate progress in both of these disciplines as well as related industries like drug development. Triplicate samples of human oral alveolar bone cell preparations, which contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), were used to estimate the precision of KSC counting analyses conducted at three independent sites. A high degree of intra-site precision was found, with coefficients of variation for determinations of MSC-specific fractions of 8.9% (p < 0.003), 13% (p < 0.006), and 25% (p < 0.02). The estimates of inter-site precision, 11% (p < 0.0001) and 26% (p < 0.0001), also indicated a high level of precision. Results are also presented to show the ability of KSC counting to define cell subtype-specific kinetics factors responsible for changes in the stem cell fraction during cell culture. The presented findings support the continued development of KSC counting as a new tool for advancing stem cell science and medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cells in Regeneration and Diseases)
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14 pages, 3452 KiB  
Article
A Kinetic Stem Cell Counting Analysis of the Specific Effects of Cell Culture Medium Growth Factors on Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
by James L. Sherley
Life 2023, 13(3), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030614 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2531
Abstract
A recently described kinetic stem cell (KSC) counting method was used to investigate the stem-cell-specific effects of commercial growth factor supplements used for expanding stem cells in adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal cell preparations. The supplements were a proprietary growth factor product, a source of fetal [...] Read more.
A recently described kinetic stem cell (KSC) counting method was used to investigate the stem-cell-specific effects of commercial growth factor supplements used for expanding stem cells in adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal cell preparations. The supplements were a proprietary growth factor product, a source of fetal bovine serum, two sources of pooled human sera, and two sources of human platelet lysate. KSC counting analyses were performed to monitor effects on the fraction and viability of stem cells in serial cultures with their respective supplements. Serial cultures supplemented with the proprietary growth factor product or fetal bovine serum showed a similar high degree of maintenance of stem cell fraction with passage. In contrast, cultures supplemented with human sera or human platelet lysate showed rapid declines in stem cell fraction. KSC counting was used to discover the cellular basis for the decreasing stem cell fractions. For human platelet lysate, it was attributable to lower rates of self-renewing symmetric stem cell divisions. For human sera, both low rates of symmetric division and high rates of stem cell death were responsible. These results demonstrate the power of the KSC counting method to provide previously inaccessible information for improving future tissue stem cell biomanufacturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cells in Regeneration and Diseases)
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