Non-coding RNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanisms, and Functions

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 2214

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
2. Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
Interests: non-coding RNA; melatonin signaling; cancer biology; molecular mechanism; membranous nephropathy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a diverse group of transcripts that do not encode proteins but play pivotal roles as regulators across various biological functions and species. This category encompasses both housekeeping ncRNAs (e.g., rRNA, snoRNA, pseudogenes, and TERC) and regulatory ncRNAs (such as siRNA, miRNA, eRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA), each holding significant importance. Understanding the regulation of ncRNA levels is crucial for uncovering their biological significance. Quality-control mechanisms govern ncRNA abundance through biogenesis, processing, and degradation pathways. However, there's still a knowledge gap regarding the mechanisms and biological importance of these quality-control systems that manage ncRNA functions.

This Special Issue aims to showcase recent advances in comprehending the molecular mechanisms underlying ncRNA abundance. It predominantly focuses on fundamental research providing novel insights into controlling ncRNA levels, as well as exploring clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic perspectives of ncRNA-mediated physiological conditions. We welcome the submission of research and review articles exploring these themes.

Dr. Yen-Sung Huang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ncRNA-interacting proteins
  • ncRNA modification
  • ncRNA biogenesis
  • ncRNA degradation
  • ncRNA decay
  • function
  • disease
  • therapeutic targets

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 8709 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Repertoire of tRNA-Derived Fragments in Different Blood Cell Populations
by Alexander A. Artamonov, Kirill A. Kondratov, Egor A. Bystritsky, Yuri V. Nikitin, Anastasiya A. Velmiskina, Sergey V. Mosenko, Irina A. Polkovnikova, Anna Yu. Asinovskaya, Svetlana V. Apalko, Natalya N. Sushentseva, Andrey M. Ivanov and Sergey G. Scherbak
Life 2024, 14(10), 1294; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101294 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1285
Abstract
tRNA-derived fragments function as markers in addition to playing the key role of signalling molecules in a number of disorders. It is known that the repertoire of these molecules differs greatly in different cell types and varies depending on the physiological condition. The [...] Read more.
tRNA-derived fragments function as markers in addition to playing the key role of signalling molecules in a number of disorders. It is known that the repertoire of these molecules differs greatly in different cell types and varies depending on the physiological condition. The aim of our research was to compare the pattern of tRF expression in the main blood cell types and to determine how the composition of these molecules changes during COVID-19-induced cytokine storms. Erythrocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils from control donors and patients with severe COVID-19 were obtained by fluorescence sorting. We extracted RNA from FACS-sorted cells and performed NGS of short RNAs. The composition of tRNA-derived fragments was analysed by applying a semi-custom bioinformatic pipeline. In this study, we assessed the length and type distribution of tRFs and reported the 150 most prevalent tRF sequences across all cell types. Additionally, we demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05, fold change >16) change in the pattern of tRFs in erythrocytes (21 downregulated, 12 upregulated), monocytes (53 downregulated, 38 upregulated) and lymphocytes (49 upregulated) in patients with severe COVID-19. Thus, different blood cell types exhibit a significant variety of tRFs and react to the cytokine storm by dramatically changing their differential expression patterns. We suppose that the observed phenomenon occurs due to the regulation of nucleotide modifications and alterations in activity of various Rnases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-coding RNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanisms, and Functions)
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