Cardioncology: From Molecular Mechanisms to Advanced Imaging and New Treatments

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 21 July 2025 | Viewed by 2718

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
Interests: heart failure; hypertension; cardiomyopathies; advanced cardiac multimodality imaging; cardioncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
Interests: heart failure; cardiomyopathies; pediatric cardiology; cardioncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
Interests: dyslipidemia; ischemic heart disease; atrial fibrillation; hypertension; acute coronary syndrome; heart failure; cardioncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in cancer therapies have significantly increased patient survival rates, but they carry the risk of cardiotoxicity, which requires effective monitoring and management.

Knowledge of the potential cardiovascular side effects of different classes of cancer therapies can improve understanding of their dose- and time-dependent impacts.

Shared inflammatory processes and immune system alterations characterize both cancer and cardiovascular disease. The immunological consequences of cancer treatments, especially with new biological therapies such as immunotherapy, underscore the need to explore the role of the immune system in determining cardiotoxicity at the molecular level.

Furthermore, despite the existence of several international guidelines and position papers regarding cardiovascular monitoring and management of patients receiving anticancer drugs, their limited empirical basis makes it difficult to determine a practical approach suitable for each clinical scenario.

This Special Issue “Cardioncology: From Molecular Mechanisms to Advanced Imaging and New Treatments” invites you to submit review articles, clinical cases or original papers with the aim to:

  1. Delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between cardiovascular and cancer-related issues;
  2. Delve into the role of advanced imaging techniques in the diagnosis of early cardiotoxicity and monitoring of possible cardiovascular side effects of various classes of chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy;
  3. Deepen our understanding of the role of serum cardiac biomarkers in the diagnosis of early cardiotoxicity and monitoring of possible cardiovascular side effects of various classes of chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy;
  4. Delve into arrhythmic complications: diagnosis, monitoring and treatment;
  5. Describe the latest advances in treatments of cardiotoxicity.

Dr. Carla Contaldi
Dr. Giuseppe Pacileo
Prof. Dr. Paolo Calabrò
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cardiotoxicity
  • echocardiography
  • cardiac magnetic resonance
  • cardiac computed tomography
  • serum cardiac biomarkers
  • cancer therapy
  • arrhythmias
  • cardiotoxicity treatment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 332 KiB  
Article
Plasma microRNAs as Biomarkers for Predicting Radiotherapy Treatment-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Lung Cancer
by Paulina Kazlauskaitė, Ieva Vaicekauskaitė, Jonas Venius, Rasa Sabaliauskaitė and Rita Steponavičienė
Life 2024, 14(12), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121619 - 6 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy and stands as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Currently, one of the main treatment options for lung cancer is radiotherapy, but this treatment is associated with complications, such as an increased risk [...] Read more.
Background: Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy and stands as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Currently, one of the main treatment options for lung cancer is radiotherapy, but this treatment is associated with complications, such as an increased risk of cardiac-related morbidity and mortality. However, currently available methods for predicting radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) remain suboptimal. Methods: In this pilot study, using the RT-qPCR method, we analyzed the expression levels of six miRNAs (miRNA-1-3p, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-24-3p, miRNA-29a-3p, miRNA-34a-5p, and miRNA-222-3p). Results: Fourteen pairs of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients’ plasma samples, taken before and after radiotherapy, were examined. It was observed that miRNA-1-3p, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-24-3p, miRNA-29a-3p, and miRNA-222-3p were downregulated, while miRNA-34a-5p was upregulated in lung cancer patients’ plasma after treatment. Additionally, after definitive radiotherapy, patients with an increased NT-proBNP value displayed a statistically significant difference in miRNA-222-3p levels compared to the normal range of this indicator. The panel of the combined four miRNAs for assessing the risk of cardiac comorbidities demonstrated an AUC of 0.79, sensitivity of 71.43%, and specificity of 100%, with further improved values upon integration with clinical biomarker NT-proBNP. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that the identification of changes in miRNA expression levels in lung cancer patients’ plasma before and after radiotherapy could be used for the early diagnosis of RIHD. Full article
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Review

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32 pages, 4150 KiB  
Review
Cancer-Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: Latest Advances in Prevention and Treatment
by Carla Contaldi, Carmine D’Aniello, Domenico Panico, Andrea Zito, Paolo Calabrò, Emilio Di Lorenzo, Paolo Golino and Vincenzo Montesarchio
Life 2025, 15(3), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030471 - 15 Mar 2025
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Abstract
The increasing efficacy of cancer therapies has significantly improved survival rates, but it has also highlighted the prevalence of cancer-therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the identification, monitoring, and management of CTRCD, a condition resulting from several treatments, [...] Read more.
The increasing efficacy of cancer therapies has significantly improved survival rates, but it has also highlighted the prevalence of cancer-therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the identification, monitoring, and management of CTRCD, a condition resulting from several treatments, such as anthracyclines, HER2-targeted therapies, target therapies, and radiotherapy. The paper includes a discussion of the mechanisms of CTRCD associated with various cancer treatments. Early detection through serum biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques is crucial for effective monitoring and risk stratification. Preventive strategies include pharmacological interventions such as ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and statins. Additionally, novel agents like sacubitril/valsartan, sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors, and vericiguat show promise in managing left ventricular dysfunction. Lifestyle modifications, including structured exercise programs and optimized nutritional strategies, further contribute to cardioprotection. The latest treatments for both asymptomatic and symptomatic CTRCD across its various stages are also discussed. Emerging technologies, including genomics, artificial intelligence, novel biomarkers, and gene therapy, are paving the way for personalized approaches to CTRCD prevention and treatment. These advancements hold great promise for improving long-term outcomes in cancer patients by minimizing cardiovascular complications. Full article
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