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Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Personalized...
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Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Personalized Medicine

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Personalized Therapy and Drug Delivery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2027 | Viewed by 4319

Special Issue Editors

Dr. María Teresa Arias-Loste

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Research Institute IDIVAL, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
2. School of Medicine, Cantabria University, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
Interests: liver disease; precision medicine; liver disease biomarkers; metabolic liver disease
Dr. Armando Raúl Guerra-Ruiz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
1. Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis Department, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla & Research Institute IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
2. Committee of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine, 28033 Madrid, Spain
Interests: liver disease biomarkers; metabolomics; liver disease; molecular biology; laboratory medicine; precision medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Liver diseases—including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma—represent a significant global health burden. In recent years, the rise of personalized medicine has transformed the landscape of hepatology. Advances in biomarker discovery, high-throughput omics technologies, and artificial intelligence and machine learning are enabling earlier detection, more accurate disease classification, and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the latest progress in the personalized diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. We seek to promote the integration of molecular and basic research with clinical applications, foster translational approaches, and ultimately contribute to improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

We welcome the submission of original research articles, reviews, and methodological papers related to liver diseases and personalized medicine, particularly those focused on molecular diagnostics, omics-based approaches, precision therapeutics, and clinical implementation.

Dr. María Teresa Arias-Loste
Guest Editor

Dr. Armando Raúl Guerra-Ruiz
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • liver diseases
  • chronic liver disease
  • hepatitis
  • liver cirrhosis
  • liver cancer
  • personalized diagnosis
  • metabolomics
  • liver disease biomarkers
  • liver function tests
  • targeted therapy
  • mass spectrometry
  • high-resolution mass spectometry (HRMS)
  • clinical molecular biology

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 761 KB  
Article
Measurement of Indocyanine Green as a Predictor of Liver Failure After Hepatic Resection, Contributing to Risk Stratification in Personalized Medicine
by Víctor Baladrón González, David Padilla Valverde, María del Carmen Gasco García, Pedro Juan Villarejo Campos, María Jesús Pardo Mora, Natalia Bejarano Ramírez, Omar Montenegro Herrera, Patricia Faba Martín, Rubén Villazala González and Francisco Javier Redondo Calvo
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(10), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15100488 - 13 Oct 2025
Viewed by 821
Abstract
Background: Most of the advances in liver surgery have been achieved in the last few decades. The development of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques has aided diagnosis and has facilitated more efficient and personalized resections for liver disorders. The estimation of the [...] Read more.
Background: Most of the advances in liver surgery have been achieved in the last few decades. The development of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques has aided diagnosis and has facilitated more efficient and personalized resections for liver disorders. The estimation of the hepatic reserve has gained great importance because it marks the limit for more aggressive liver resections. It was hypothesized that determination of hepatic reserve by measuring plasma clearance of indocyanine green—following hepatic parenchymal liver resection—could provide earlier and more accurate knowledge of hepatic reserve and thus allow for more personalized therapy. Methods: A prospective observational post-authorization study was performed. Results: Applying ROC curves and the area under the curve (AUC) for the evaluation of the different tests as predictors of liver failure, favorable data were obtained in relation to bilirubin (AUC = 0.922) and prothrombin time (AUC = 1), and for postoperative PDR (AUC = 0.879) and GOT (AUC = 0.857), but not for preoperative PDR (AUC = 0.667) or GPT (AUC = 0.6). Conclusions: The gold standard for predicting early liver failure (the 50:50 criterion at on postoperative day 5) has a very good relationship with the plasma clearance rate of indocyanine green on postoperative day 1 and therefore has the potential to support earlier and more personalized therapeutic interventions, pending further validation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Personalized Medicine)
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13 pages, 519 KB  
Article
Personalizezed Hemodynamic Optimization Using Stroke Volume, Pulse Pressure Variation, and Continuous Cardiac Index in Major Liver Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Francisco Javier Redondo Calvo, Víctor Baladrón González, David Padilla Valverde, Jorge Redondo Sánchez, Pedro Juan Villarejo Campos, Omar Montenegro Herrera, Patricia Faba Martín, Rubén Villazala González, Raquel Bodoque Villar, Juan Fernando Padin, José Ramón Muñoz-Rodríguez and Natalia Bejarano Ramírez
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(10), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15100457 - 30 Sep 2025
Viewed by 1371
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate fluid administration and intraoperative bleeding of patients who had major hepatic resection. We used artery pulse contour analysis monitor (ProAQT™) and personalized hemodynamic target-guided therapy, in which the administration of fluid, inotropes and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate fluid administration and intraoperative bleeding of patients who had major hepatic resection. We used artery pulse contour analysis monitor (ProAQT™) and personalized hemodynamic target-guided therapy, in which the administration of fluid, inotropes and vasopressors is guided by stroke volume, pulse pressure variation (SVV, PPV) and continuous cardiac index (CI). Methods: This trial was a prospective, randomized, parallel-group in adults scheduled for major hepatic resection. Participants were randomly assigned in equal numbers to one of two groups: (1) a control group receiving conventional perioperative care, and (2) an intervention group managed with goal-directed hemodynamic therapy guided by radial artery pulse contour analysis. Results: 45 patients were randomized to the GDHT (n = 16) and control group (n = 19). Blood loss was significantly higher in the control group than in GDHT group (728.13 ± 618.59 versus 292.63 ± 274.06, p = 0.009). The number of patients receiving intraoperative transfusion was significantly higher in the first group (6 ± 16 versus 0 ± 19, p = 0.005). Total volume infused was significantly higher in control group (CG) than in GDHT group (GG) (2853.13 ± 1432.18 versus 1125.79 ± 751.2, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Personalized goal-directed therapy optimizes intraoperative fluid administration during major liver resection and reduces blood transfusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Personalized Medicine)
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Review

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17 pages, 805 KB  
Review
Genetic Variants in Liver Cirrhosis: Classifications, Mechanisms, and Implications for Clinical Practice
by Roshni Pushpa Raghavan, Kirti Theresa Alexander, Shine Sadasivan, Chetan Parmar and Manikandan Kathirvel
J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16010029 - 5 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1173
Abstract
Background: Cirrhosis represents the final common pathway of chronic liver injury, arising from diverse etiologies such as metabolic, viral, autoimmune, and alcohol-related liver diseases. Despite similar exposures, disease progression varies considerably among individuals, suggesting a genetic contribution to susceptibility and outcome. Objective: This [...] Read more.
Background: Cirrhosis represents the final common pathway of chronic liver injury, arising from diverse etiologies such as metabolic, viral, autoimmune, and alcohol-related liver diseases. Despite similar exposures, disease progression varies considerably among individuals, suggesting a genetic contribution to susceptibility and outcome. Objective: This narrative review examines how specific genetic variants influence the risk, progression, and phenotypic expression of cirrhosis. It provides a structured synthesis of established and emerging gene associations, emphasizing their biological mechanisms and potential clinical relevance. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from all major biomedical and scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as reference lists of relevant articles, covering literature published between 2005 and 2025 on genetic polymorphisms associated with cirrhosis and its etiological subtypes. Content: Variants are categorized into four mechanistic domains—metabolic regulation, immune modulation, liver enzyme activity, and ancestry-linked expression patterns—representing a novel integrative framework for understanding genetic risk in cirrhosis. Well-characterized variants such as PNPLA3, TM6SF2, HSD17B13, and MBOAT7, along with less commonly studied loci and chromosomal alterations, are discussed in relation to major etiologies, including MASLD/MASH, viral hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease, and autoimmune conditions. Conclusions: Genetic insights into cirrhosis offer pathways toward early risk stratification and personalized disease management. While polygenic risk scores and multi-omic integration show promise, their clinical translation remains exploratory and requires further validation through large-scale prospective studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Personalized Medicine)
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Other

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8 pages, 1284 KB  
Brief Report
Individualized Evaluation on Suspicion of Fibrotic Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: Real-World Experience from a Referral Center in Denmark
by Eva Efsen Dahl, Gro Linno Willemoe, Mark Berner-Hansen and Frank Vinholt Schiødt
J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(2), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16020095 - 6 Feb 2026
Viewed by 489
Abstract
Background/Objectives: New guidelines for management of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients recommend an individualized medicine approach mainly targeting patients with fibrotic metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and metabolic risk factors for progression of disease. This cohort study reports real-world experience for the individual evaluation [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: New guidelines for management of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients recommend an individualized medicine approach mainly targeting patients with fibrotic metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and metabolic risk factors for progression of disease. This cohort study reports real-world experience for the individual evaluation and final diagnosis of patients on suspicion of fibrotic MASH according to standardized international criteria. We aimed to identify patients with significant fibrosis (F2–F4). Methods: Adult patients with metabolic syndrome and/or elevated alanine aminotransferases (ALT > 50) referred in a 5-year period (2018–2022) on suspicion of fibrotic MASH were included. Medical history, anthropometric measurements, and routine (blood tests, ultrasound) and specific examinations were applied. Liver biopsy was offered for definite diagnosis and to evaluate MASLD characteristics. Patient demographics and characteristics as well as the absolute number and proportion of patients with definite MASLD and fibrotic MASH are reported. Results: A total of 137 adult patients were included. Ten percent of patients were evaluated without liver biopsy and diagnosed with chronic liver diseases other than MASLD. Liver-biopsied patients (n = 123) had a mean age (SD) of 49 (14) years, and 50% were males. Overweight or obesity was present in 94%, dyslipidemia in 74%, hypertension in 40%, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 34%. Of all 137 patients, 104 (76%) were diagnosed with definite MASLD and 80 (58%) with definite MASH. A total of 74 (54%) patients had definite fibrotic MASH, while 41 (30%) had significant (F2–4) fibrotic MASH. Eight patients (6%) had cirrhotic (F4) MASH. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with type 2 diabetes, older age, and higher BMI were associated with an apparent increased risk of F2–F4 fibrosis. Conclusions: The majority of referred patients had cardiometabolic–hepatic metabolic risk factors and were diagnosed with definite MASLD. More than half of these were diagnosed with fibrotic MASH. Older age, type 2 diabetes, and higher BMI were apparent risk factors for MASH F2–F4 fibrosis. We conclude that the individual cardiovascular–hepatic risk profile applied supports the new guidelines and may be useful for referral and further evaluation at expert care centers in a real-world setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Personalized Medicine)
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