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Personalized Medicine in Otolaryngology: New Challenges and Future Perspectives
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Personalized Medicine in Otolaryngology: New Challenges and Future Perspectives

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Personalized Therapy in Clinical Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2026 | Viewed by 3490

Editor

Dr. Jerome Rene Lechien

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHU Saint Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
2. Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan, Polyclinic of Atlantique, Poitiers, France
3. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
4. Department of Otolaryngology, Foch Hospital, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
Interests: otolaryngology; oral cancer; oncology; head and neck surgery; rhinology; ENT; artificial intelligence; laryngology; laryngopharyngeal reflux
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the field of otolaryngology, the application of personalized medicine is changing the ways in which diseases are diagnosed, treated, and prevented, enabling doctors to provide more precise and effective medical services.

The basis of personalized medicine lies in a comprehensive understanding of patients, including genetic factors, molecular markers, clinical symptoms, and lifestyle factors. With the development of high-throughput biotechnologies such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, it is now possible to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases and identify gene variants or biomarkers associated with specific diseases. This information opens up new possibilities for early diagnosis, risk prediction, and targeted treatment in otolaryngological diseases.

With advances in technology, artificial intelligence, and policy support, personalized medicine is expected to play an increasingly important role in otolaryngology and other medical fields, enabling the development of more accurate and efficient treatment options for patients.

Dr. Jerome Rene Lechien
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • otolaryngology
  • oral cancer
  • oncology
  • head and neck surgery
  • minimally invasive
  • laryngology
  • artificial intelligence
  • rhinology
  • ENT
  • personalized

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1994 KB  
Article
Personalized Selection of Inferior Turbinate Surgery Based on Structural Phenotyping: A Structured Narrative Review and Proposed Decision-Making Framework
by Alessia Pennacchi, Basile N. Landis, Michael B. Soyka, Roberto Spasiano and Matteo Trimarchi
J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(6), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16060310 - 8 Jun 2026
Viewed by 334
Abstract
Background: Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is a major cause of chronic nasal obstruction and can be treated with several surgical techniques. However, current surgical decision-making is often not personalized to the dominant anatomical and functional substrate of obstruction. No widely adopted structural classification of [...] Read more.
Background: Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is a major cause of chronic nasal obstruction and can be treated with several surgical techniques. However, current surgical decision-making is often not personalized to the dominant anatomical and functional substrate of obstruction. No widely adopted structural classification of the inferior turbinate exists, and no standardized algorithm links individual anatomical phenotypes to targeted surgical strategies. Methods: A structured narrative review of PubMed and Scopus was performed from database inception to 1 February 2026, using predefined search terms and eligibility criteria. Studies were selected if they addressed inferior turbinate anatomy, histopathology, imaging morphology, endoscopic grading, nasal valve or septal anatomy, surgical techniques, postoperative outcomes, complications, or patient-reported outcomes. Randomized and prospective trials, histopathological studies, CT morphometric analyses, and validated endoscopic grading systems were considered. Four phenotypes of inferior turbinate hypertrophy were identified and linked to preferred surgical options within a clinically oriented decision algorithm integrating endoscopy, functional testing, and selective CT imaging. This framework was developed to support individualized treatment planning and shared decision-making. Results: Four structural phenotypes were defined: (i) predominantly cavernous/mucosal hypertrophy; (ii) predominantly bony hypertrophy; (iii) anterior nasal valve-turbinate conflict; and (iv) mixed hypertrophy. For mucosal-dominant disease, radiofrequency ablation and laser turbinoplasty are preferred first-line, mucosa-preserving options. For bony hypertrophy, mucosa-preserving powered inferior turbinoplasty is favored for the mid/posterior turbinate, whereas endoscopic pyriform aperture turbinoplasty is preferred for anterior valve-level conflict. Mixed phenotypes are best managed with combined skeletal and mucosal procedures. The algorithm aims to avoid mismatched treatments, such as mucosal-only techniques for rigid bony hypertrophy or extensive skeletal reduction in purely mucosal disease. Perioperative variables relevant to shared decision-making, including type of anesthesia, postoperative morbidity, recovery profile, and expected limitations, were summarized for each technique. Conclusions: This phenotype-guided algorithm provides a structured, evidence-informed framework for the personalized selection of inferior turbinate surgery, emphasizing mucosal preservation, anatomical specificity, patient-centered decision-making, and avoidance of mismatched procedures. It is intended to support, not replace, clinical judgment and to guide future prospective validation studies in personalized rhinologic surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Otolaryngology: New Challenges and Future Perspectives)
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11 pages, 307 KB  
Article
Objective Evaluation of Nasal Obstruction in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Preliminary Study
by Nicolas Pachebat, Jiad N. Mcheik, Maxime Fieux, Valentin Favier, Aurélien Binet, Xavier Dufour and Florent Carsuzaa
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(9), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15090403 - 1 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1759
Abstract
Introduction: Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is frequently associated with persistent nasal obstruction, often due to structural deformities unaddressed by primary surgical repair. While subjective assessment tools are commonly used to evaluate nasal patency, they underestimate functional impairment, particularly nasal valve collapse. [...] Read more.
Introduction: Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is frequently associated with persistent nasal obstruction, often due to structural deformities unaddressed by primary surgical repair. While subjective assessment tools are commonly used to evaluate nasal patency, they underestimate functional impairment, particularly nasal valve collapse. This study aims to objectively evaluate nasal obstruction and identify its anatomical causes in CLP patients after primary rhinoplasty. Methods: We conducted an observational study involving 21 children aged 8–16 with CLP who had undergone primary cheilorhinoplasty but not secondary nasal surgery. Each participant underwent clinical evaluation, nasal endoscopy, acoustic rhinometry, and active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR), both before and after nasal decongestion. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale was used to assess subjective symptoms. Obstructive sites were diagnosed based on established criteria combining endoscopic and functional findings. Results: Objective nasal obstruction was identified in 80.9% of patients, with nasal valve collapse observed in 66.7%, most commonly among unilateral and bilateral CLP subtypes. External nasal valve collapse was the predominant form (57.1%), followed by internal valve involvement (38.1%). Notably, the NOSE score did not reliably correlate with the AAR results, underlining the limitations of subjective assessment tools. Structural anomalies such as septal deviation (52.5%) and turbinate hypertrophy (23.8%) were also prevalent. Conclusions: This study highlights nasal valve collapse as a major, underrecognized contributor to persistent nasal obstruction in CLP patients after primary repair. Objective assessment methods like AAR and targeted endoscopy should be routinely integrated into secondary rhinoplasty planning. These findings advocate for a personalized approach to secondary nasal reconstruction in CLP patients, integrating objective functional data into surgical planning. Such strategies align with personalized medicine principles by tailoring interventions to individual anatomical and physiological characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Otolaryngology: New Challenges and Future Perspectives)
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Review

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15 pages, 298 KB  
Review
Extending the Indications of Cochlear Implantation in Adults with Single-Sided Deafness. A Comprehensive Review
by Christos Tsilivigkos, Eleftherios Ferekidis and Marios Stavrakas
J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(7), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16070354 - 30 Jun 2026
Viewed by 207
Abstract
Introduction: Cochlear implantation is a well-established treatment for adults with bilateral postlingual deafness. In recent years, increasing research attention has focused on its use in patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) with or without tinnitus. Restoration of binaural auditory input through cochlear implantation [...] Read more.
Introduction: Cochlear implantation is a well-established treatment for adults with bilateral postlingual deafness. In recent years, increasing research attention has focused on its use in patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) with or without tinnitus. Restoration of binaural auditory input through cochlear implantation may partially reestablish binaural processing. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the literature focusing on studies examining the basic mechanisms associated with hearing impairment in SSD, as well as cochlear implantation outcomes in this population, including hearing performance, tinnitus suppression, and quality of life (QoL). We also reviewed comparative studies between cochlear implants (CIs) and alternative hearing devices, along with current candidacy criteria and the challenges associated with cochlear implantation in this patient group. Results: Current evidence suggests that CIs can provide significant benefits in this population, including tinnitus reduction or suppression, improved speech perception in both quiet and noise, enhanced sound localization, and better disease-specific and overall QoL. Furthermore, numerous studies—despite some variability in outcomes—indicate that CIs may offer superior performance compared with alternative options, such as contralateral routing of signals hearing aids (CROS-HAs) and bone-conduction devices, particularly in terms of speech perception, localization, tinnitus control, and aspects of QoL. Nevertheless, appropriate candidacy criteria and key challenges—most notably device non-use—should be carefully considered when evaluating cochlear implantation in this patient population. Conclusions: Further research is required to address these challenges and to advance a more personalized approach to cochlear implantation in individuals with SSD, with the aim of optimizing outcomes and reducing cochlear implant non-use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Otolaryngology: New Challenges and Future Perspectives)
20 pages, 2019 KB  
Review
Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in Laryngeal Disorders: An Integrative Review
by Samantha Mairesse, Antonino Maniaci, Giovanni Briganti and Jerome R. Lechien
J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(6), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16060301 - 1 Jun 2026
Viewed by 688
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Laryngeal disorders are among the most prevalent conditions in otolaryngology, yet they remain challenging to diagnose without specialized expertise. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems leveraging machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have demonstrated promising performance for the automatic detection and classification [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Laryngeal disorders are among the most prevalent conditions in otolaryngology, yet they remain challenging to diagnose without specialized expertise. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems leveraging machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have demonstrated promising performance for the automatic detection and classification of voice disorders and laryngeal lesions. Methods: This review synthesizes findings from 88 studies published between 2015 and 2025 on AI-based laryngeal disorder detection, considering physioacoustic mechanisms, databases and acquisition protocols, AI architectures and validation strategies, and diagnostic performance. Results: The current literature supports high internal accuracies for binary healthy versus pathological detection (88–99%); meanwhile, performance decreases for higher-level tasks such as pathophysiological category classification and identification, particularly under external validation. From a clinical perspective, clinicians do not infer specific diagnoses from isolated acoustic parameters such as percent jitter or shimmer. Instead, they rely on how these perturbation patterns dynamically evolve during connected speech, where alterations guide perceptual differentiation between underlying disorders. Recurrent sources of bias include dependence on a limited number of historical vowel-based databases, class and demographic imbalance, and limited ecological validity of recording protocols. Additional concerns involve the predominant use of internal cross-validation and insufficient reproducibility or code sharing. Conclusions: Drawing on the literature, an integrative three-level clinical recognition framework is proposed, delineating realistic use cases for AI as a decision-support tool rather than an autonomous diagnostic system. Key priorities for future personalized medicine and research are also identified, including diversified multi-center datasets, standardized methodological reporting, rigorous external validation, and compliance with regulatory and ethical requirements for medical AI deployment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Otolaryngology: New Challenges and Future Perspectives)
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