Mediating Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era

A special issue of Journalism and Media (ISSN 2673-5172).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 6340

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Sociology, Gender Studies and Criminology Programme, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand (Te Taura Takata, Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo, Ōtepoti, Aotearoa)
Interests: the social construction of victimhood; neoliberal culture wars; critical victimologies; suffering and representation; feminist political theory

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Guest Editor Assistant
Sociology, Gender Studies and Criminology Programme, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand (Te Taura Takata, Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo, Ōtepoti, Aotearoa)
Interests: building the social conditions for loving relationships; sexual violence prevention and response; rape myths; survivors in criminal justice and tribunal settings; participant and researcher safety

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

From the investigative feature to the Twitter hashtag, old and new media forms have been essential to the global impact of the #MeToo movement. Nineteen million people used the #MeToo hashtag in its first year, powerfully demonstrating the magnitude of the problem of sexual violence and giving it unprecedented attention on the world stage. Interrupting the normalised reiteration of victim-blaming rape myths in public talk about sexual violence, journalists and documentary makers broke high-profile stories of serial offending that cast a rare spotlight on secondary victimisation, exposing organisational systems that protect perpetrators by blaming and silencing survivors. Flipping the script on the longstanding treatment of survivor testimony as lacking credibility, an impressive and growing archive of media and cultural texts advance the #MeToo shift from blaming to believing survivors, from transnationally streamed productions such as She Said, Unbelievable, On the Record, Surviving R. Kelly, Raped: My Story, Athlete A and I May Destroy You through to bestsellers like MeToo founder Tarana Burke’s Unbound and Chanel Miller’s Know My Name. The #MeToo archive also builds a new lens of hindsight through which the problems with past ways of portraying sexual violence become acutely visible.

At the same time, survivors have not been evenly visible in the #MeToo era, with the centring of white cisgender celebrity marginalising BIPOC and LGBTQI+ survivors, disabled survivors, survivors who are indigent or incarcerated, survivors outside the metropoles of the global North, and the many living at the intersections of these and other social identities and locations. The media forms that propelled #MeToo have also staged the backlash against it from a resurgent ‘manosphere’ and its counter-discourses of accused men as victims of defamation, evident in the multimedia storm surrounding John C. Depp, II v. Amber Laura Heard. COVID-19 diverted public attention away from gender-based violence while lockdowns sponsored a ‘shadow pandemic’ rise in its prevalence. Despite progress toward better handling of survivors’ stories on stage, page and screen, #MeToo stories broke across the media and creative industries, with uneven progress towards better treatment of survivors behind the scenes. Where Burke’s MeToo focused on in-person disclosure, as #MeToo globalised, disclosure became public, distant and digital, with benefits and drawbacks for survivors.

We invite scholars across the disciplines to explore the complex terrain of the #MeToo movement and its continuing impact on the way stories of sexual violence are told and heard across the range of media forms. We welcome submissions and are considering the full range of areas of interest including, but not limited to:

  • The cultural aims and breakthroughs of #MeToo.
  • The visual and narrative signatures of #MeToo era survivor stories.
  • Speaking from the margins of #MeToo.
  • Refiguring representations of consent, non-consent, violence, post-traumatic stress, secondary victimisation.
  • The cultural and affective politics of silencing, speaking out and being heard.
  • #MeToo, celebrity and survivor activism.
  • Digital and televisual feminisms.
  • Privacy, publicity and digital disclosure.
  • #MeToo, criminal justice and ‘true crime’ genres.
  • Journalist, actor and production perspectives on ethical approaches to survivor stories.
  • Media and the legal trials of #MeToo.
  • Displaced and resurgent media rape myths.
  • Media coverage of #MeToo online and street protests and demonstrations.
  • #MeToo, the ‘manosphere’, and weaponised digital communication.
  • Mediation, intersectionality and the construction of survivors as ideal or blameworthy.
  • Mediation, intersectionality, and the construction of defendants as victims.
  • Theorising vulnerability, victimisation, agency, and survival with #MeToomedia texts.
  • #MeToostories during COVID-19.
  • Teaching triggering content in the #MeToo era.

Dr. Rebecca Stringer
Guest Editor

Georgia Knowles
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access Special Issue will be waived. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • #MeToo movement
  • media and culture
  • sexual violence
  • survivor stories
  • intersectional survivorship
  • disclosure
  • rape myths
  • celebrity
  • backlash
  • COVID-19 impacts

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 246 KiB  
Article
Raising Awareness of Gender-Based Violence Through Messages Based on Ethical Witnessing: A Spain-Based Study
by Daniel Pinazo, Sonia Agut-Nieto, Lorena Ahuete and Carolina Vázquez-Rodríguez
Journal. Media 2025, 6(2), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6020063 (registering DOI) - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 131
Abstract
This study takes the perspective of the theory of ethical witnessing. We analyse whether there is a difference in a discourse transmitted in a frame of reference based on ethical witnessing versus a discourse transmitted in the frame of hegemonic discourse based on [...] Read more.
This study takes the perspective of the theory of ethical witnessing. We analyse whether there is a difference in a discourse transmitted in a frame of reference based on ethical witnessing versus a discourse transmitted in the frame of hegemonic discourse based on the hierarchical testimony. This study tests the hypothesis that discourses diverging from the communication hierarchy and, consequently, from the interpretation frame established about gender-based violence, transform the elaboration, comprehension, and structure of questioning the victim’s suffering. The sample comprised 300 individuals, 85 identifying as male and 215 identifying as female. This study adopted a two-factorial (2 × 2) design comparing the testimony of gender-based violence (ethical witnessing vs. hierarchical testimony) and familiarity with the victim’s testimony (Yes vs. No). The results show that communications based on the ethical witnessing format are more effective in transforming the perception of gender-based violence than those using a hierarchical format. This study adopts the framework of ethical witnessing to examine whether discourse differs when conveyed through this lens, compared to discourse shaped by a hegemonic, hierarchical testimony. We test the hypothesis that narratives which deviate from traditional communication hierarchies—and thus from dominant interpretative frameworks surrounding gender-based violence—significantly influence how the victim’s suffering is processed, understood, and questioned. The global resonance of the #MeToo movement exemplifies the transformative potential of ethical testimony, as it amplified the voices of survivors while challenging traditional hierarchies of credibility and authority in public discourse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediating Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era)
19 pages, 357 KiB  
Article
Sexual Harassment in Academia: Analysis of Opinion Articles in the Portuguese Press
by Maria João Faustino, Isabel Ventura, Maria Helena Santos, Júlia Garraio and Carla Cerqueira
Journal. Media 2025, 6(2), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6020060 - 22 Apr 2025
Viewed by 932
Abstract
#MeToo furthered the debates about sexual harassment in academia in different contexts and locations. In Portugal, two moments drove the media debates around sexual harassment in higher education. Specifically, the allegations that emerged at the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon [...] Read more.
#MeToo furthered the debates about sexual harassment in academia in different contexts and locations. In Portugal, two moments drove the media debates around sexual harassment in higher education. Specifically, the allegations that emerged at the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon (FDUL) in 2022, and the case related to the Centre for Social Studies (CES) of the University of Coimbra in 2023. This study aimed to investigate the media coverage of these cases and their respective contributions to the national debate on sexual harassment in academia. We analysed the opinion articles published online between April 2022 and June 2023 in five Portuguese newspapers, Diário de Notícias, Jornal de Notícias, Público, Expresso, Observador, and Correio da Manhã, conducting a comparative analysis of the two cases. Sexual harassment was broadly discussed as an endemic reality, exacerbated by the precariousness and gendered hierarchical structures of academia. At the same time, there was a tendency to personalize the debate, by focusing on Boaventura Sousa Santos, CES’s emeritus director. This served as a basis for the instrumentalization of sexual violence as a form of political attack against the left, thus weakening the potential of the debates about sexual and moral harassment in academia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediating Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era)
17 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
“Women Will Never Be Equal to Men”: Examining Women Journalists’ Experiences of Patriarchy and Sexism in South Africa
by Genevieve Govender and Tigere P. Muringa
Journal. Media 2025, 6(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6010027 - 15 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1772
Abstract
Research shows that gender transformation policies and programmes within the media industry have done little to curtail sexism and patriarchal values in news reporting. This study’s term ‘patriarchy’ refers to the systemic structures of masculine dominance entrenched in societal, cultural, and institutional norms. [...] Read more.
Research shows that gender transformation policies and programmes within the media industry have done little to curtail sexism and patriarchal values in news reporting. This study’s term ‘patriarchy’ refers to the systemic structures of masculine dominance entrenched in societal, cultural, and institutional norms. This systemic understanding is complemented by exploring individual acts that perpetuate sexism, understood as both explicit and implicit forms of discrimination based on gender. Within newsrooms, where considerable studies have been conducted, data show alarming evidence of extensive sexism and patriarchal values, which are often nuanced and embedded into daily operations. Significantly, the current body of research argues that the problems experienced within the newsroom manifest a societal issue. However, there is a need for more research that turns the spotlight specifically on how newsmakers interact with women reporters in the field. This paper investigates how sexism and gender-based power imbalances affect female journalists’ professional experiences and roles in South Africa. The paper uses qualitative methods to explore how gender inequality and male dominance influence female journalists’ roles, opportunities, and treatment within the profession. This paper contributes to the current discourse by arguing that deeply ingrained societal and cultural patriarchal norms significantly shape and restrict the professional lives of women reporters. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with eleven (n = 11) reporters drawn from various SABC radio reporters across the nine provinces in South Africa. The study’s findings detailed multiple layers of discrimination and harassment experienced by reporters when engaging with newsmakers. Evidenced in the research is how entrenched societal and cultural values limit and influence the productivity of the reporters and impede their freedom to tell stories effectively. Besides the documented glass ceilings that stunt the upward progression of female reporters, the study posits the existence of invisible walls that hinder their transversal advancement within their designated scope of reporting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediating Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era)
15 pages, 454 KiB  
Article
Cognitive Map of Perceptions of Social Networks as a Means of Justice in Sexual Offenses
by Hila Nadav-Carmel and Azi Lev-On
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1771-1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040107 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1222
Abstract
The decision to share deeply personal experiences of sexual violence publicly is complex and multifaceted. This study provides valuable insights into this phenomenon. Interviews conducted with fifteen victims of sexual assault in Israel provide insights into the decision-making pathways of victims. The existing [...] Read more.
The decision to share deeply personal experiences of sexual violence publicly is complex and multifaceted. This study provides valuable insights into this phenomenon. Interviews conducted with fifteen victims of sexual assault in Israel provide insights into the decision-making pathways of victims. The existing literature on sexual victims of sexual assault in Israel offers insights into their decision-making pathways but often lacks integration between theoretical concepts and practical outcomes. This article contributes to this field by proposing a detailed cognitive map that illuminates the specific decisions made by victims in choosing where to disclose their assault. The cognitive map presented in this study provides a comprehensive view of victims’ decision-making pathways. This study is part of a larger research project that involves interviewing communication consultants and analyzing posts from the social network platform Instagram to better understand the perceptions and behaviors of sexual assault victims. The interviews brought up four main themes: the existence of communicative justice and its importance as an arena for achieving justice; social media is critical for achieving justice, sometimes even more than the institutional arena; procedural justice is more important than outcome justice; voice is a leading principle in procedural justice principles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediating Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era)
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12 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
Adriana Negreiros and a Feminist Ethics of Testimonial Narrative: Reflections on Life Will Never Be the Same
by Karina Gomes Barbosa
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 1112-1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030071 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 924
Abstract
I seek to analyze the narrative construction of the reporter’s book A Vida Nunca Mais Será a Mesma (Life Will Never Be the Same Again, 2021), which tells stories of sexual violence against women and also features the first-person account of [...] Read more.
I seek to analyze the narrative construction of the reporter’s book A Vida Nunca Mais Será a Mesma (Life Will Never Be the Same Again, 2021), which tells stories of sexual violence against women and also features the first-person account of the author herself, Adriana Negreiros. I try to understand (a) how journalistic fundamentals such as precision and objectivity are articulated/tensioned with lacunar and fragmentary traces of testimony; and (b) how adopting a feminist/gendered perspective on journalistic narrative can bring to light traumatic female experiences that, throughout history, have been placed in the background. To do this, I examine the book and an interview conducted with the author in 2023, concluding that a feminist approach to journalism and testimony can open up affective spaces for women’s stories to be told. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediating Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era)
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