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Control of Postharvest Fungal Diseases
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Control of Postharvest Fungal Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungi in Agriculture and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 7572

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Huali Xue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
Interests: plant disease; induced resistance; mycotoxin; disease control; pathogenic fungi; isolation and identification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Disease of horticultural products, including fruit, vegetables, flowers, spice plants, and medicinal plants, is an important factor that leads to severe postharvest product decay, huge economic losses, and mycotoxin contamination. Horticultural products are susceptible to pathogenic fungi during the growth and storage period. Various pathogens that adapt to the local environment can infect different horticultural products, and they vary greatly. Therefore, the isolation and identification of pathogens causing horticultural product disease are highly necessary to control plant disease and develop specific fungicides for these different pathogens. In addition, chemical fungicides are the main strategy to manage horticultural product disease; however, a series of problems such as environmental pollution, fungicide residue, and pathogens developing resistance to fungicides are becoming more and more prominent. Induced resistance by various biotic inducers and abiotic stresses is considered a sustainable strategy to control the postharvest decay of horticultural products, which has gained increasing attention in recent years.

Therefore, we encourage manuscripts on the following topics:

  1. Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi in pre-harvest or post-harvest horticultural products;
  2. New diagnosis and detection technology of pathogenic fungi in horticultural products;
  3. Prevention and control methods of pathogenic fungi in horticultural products;
  4. Detection and control technologies related to pathogenic mycotoxins of horticultural products;
  5. Pathogenic mechanism of pathogenic fungi on horticultural products.

Prof. Dr. Huali Xue
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant disease
  • induced resistance
  • mycotoxin
  • disease control
  • pathogenic fungi
  • isolation and identification

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2210 KiB  
Article
Development of an RNA Nanostructure for Effective Botrytis cinerea Control through Spray-Induced Gene Silencing without an Extra Nanocarrier
by Fangli Wu, Ling Yan, Xiayang Zhao, Chongrun Lv and Weibo Jin
J. Fungi 2024, 10(7), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10070483 - 14 Jul 2024
Viewed by 514
Abstract
Spray-induced gene silencing represents an eco-friendly approach for crop protection through the use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to activate the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, thereby silencing crucial genes in pathogens. The major challenges associated with dsRNA are its limited stability and poor cellular [...] Read more.
Spray-induced gene silencing represents an eco-friendly approach for crop protection through the use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to activate the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, thereby silencing crucial genes in pathogens. The major challenges associated with dsRNA are its limited stability and poor cellular uptake, necessitating repeated applications for effective crop protection. In this study, RNA nanoparticles (NPs) were proposed as effectors in plants and pathogens by inducing the RNAi pathway and silencing gene expression. RNA structural motifs, such as hairpin-loop, kissing-loop, and tetra-U motifs, were used to link multiple siRNAs into a long, single-stranded RNA (lssRNA). The lssRNA, synthesized in Escherichia coli, self-assembled into stable RNA nanostructures via local base pairing. Comparative analyses between dsRNA and RNA NPs revealed that the latter displayed superior efficacy in inhibiting spore germination and mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, RNA NPs had a more robust protective effect on plants against B. cinerea than did dsRNA. In addition, RNA squares are processed into expected siRNA in plants, thereby inhibiting the expression of the target gene. These findings suggest the potential of RNA NPs for use in plant disease control by providing a more efficient and specific alternative to dsRNA without requiring nanocarriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Postharvest Fungal Diseases)
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18 pages, 11389 KiB  
Article
Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Carvacrol against Black Mold Disease Agent Alternaria alternata in Goji Berries
by Junjie Wang, Yueli Zhou, Peng Wang, Lunaike Zhao, Huaiyu Zhang, Huan Qu and Fei Xu
J. Fungi 2024, 10(6), 402; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10060402 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 2965
Abstract
Alternaria alternata, as a main decay fungus of goji berry, can produce mycotoxins such as alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA). Carvacrol (CVR) has exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro. We assumed that CVR can also be [...] Read more.
Alternaria alternata, as a main decay fungus of goji berry, can produce mycotoxins such as alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA). Carvacrol (CVR) has exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro. We assumed that CVR can also be applied to control Alternaria rot on goji berries and mycotoxins produced by the pathogens. To investigate whether CVR impacts the accumulation of mycotoxins and cell membrane damage of A. alternata, the antifungal activity of CVR on the fungal growth and mycotoxin production was evaluated in this study. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CVR against A. alternata was 0.12 µL/mL. Meanwhile, the destruction of plasma membrane integrity, cytoplasmic leakage, intracellular oxidative damage, and inhibitory effect in vivo were also observed in A. alternata treated with CVR. Moreover, CVR significantly reduced the accumulation of AOH, AME, and TeA. Transcriptomic profiling was performed by means of comparative RNA-Seq analysis to research the gene expression level of A. alternata, which attested to significant changes in nitrogen metabolism, carbon utilization, fatty acid oxidation, and antioxidant enzymes in CVR-treated A. alternata. This study suggests a new understanding of the molecular mechanism of response to CVR treatment in A. alternata, indicating that CVR is a novel antifungal agent with the potential to be applied to various fungi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Postharvest Fungal Diseases)
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16 pages, 8893 KiB  
Article
SntB Affects Growth to Regulate Infecting Potential in Penicillium italicum
by Chunyan Li, Shuzhen Yang, Meihong Zhang, Yanting Yang, Zhengzheng Li and Litao Peng
J. Fungi 2024, 10(6), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10060368 - 21 May 2024
Viewed by 622
Abstract
Penicillium italicum, a major postharvest pathogen, causes blue mold rot in citrus fruits through the deployment of various virulence factors. Recent studies highlight the role of the epigenetic reader, SntB, in modulating the pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi. Our research revealed that [...] Read more.
Penicillium italicum, a major postharvest pathogen, causes blue mold rot in citrus fruits through the deployment of various virulence factors. Recent studies highlight the role of the epigenetic reader, SntB, in modulating the pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi. Our research revealed that the deletion of the SntB gene in P. italicum led to significant phenotypic alterations, including delayed mycelial growth, reduced spore production, and decreased utilization of sucrose. Additionally, the mutant strain exhibited increased sensitivity to pH fluctuations and elevated iron and calcium ion stress, culminating in reduced virulence on Gannan Novel oranges. Ultrastructural analyses disclosed notable disruptions in cell membrane integrity, disorganization within the cellular matrix, and signs of autophagy. Transcriptomic data further indicated a pronounced upregulation of hydrolytic enzymes, oxidoreductases, and transport proteins, suggesting a heightened energy demand. The observed phenomena were consistent with a carbon starvation response potentially triggering apoptotic pathways, including iron-dependent cell death. These findings collectively underscored the pivotal role of SntB in maintaining the pathogenic traits of P. italicum, proposing that targeting PiSntB could offer a new avenue for controlling citrus fungal infections and subsequent fruit decay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Postharvest Fungal Diseases)
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13 pages, 6101 KiB  
Article
Isolation and Identification of Pathogens Causing Blue Mold of Lanzhou Lily during Postharvest Storage and Control of Disease and Mycotoxin Accumulation by Ozone Treatment
by Hui Zhang, Jihui Xi, Zhiguang Liu, Minxuan Chen, Zhenhang Lu, Huali Xue and Yang Bi
J. Fungi 2023, 9(11), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9111091 - 8 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1358
Abstract
Blue mold (penicilliosis) is a common disease of Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. willmottiae) during postharvest storage, which not only seriously affects the appearance and reduces the quality of lily bulbs, but also leads to the accumulation of mycotoxins [...] Read more.
Blue mold (penicilliosis) is a common disease of Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. willmottiae) during postharvest storage, which not only seriously affects the appearance and reduces the quality of lily bulbs, but also leads to the accumulation of mycotoxins in rotten lily tissues, seriously endangering human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the main isolates causing postharvest blue mold of fresh Lanzhou lily and put forward effective measures to control the disease caused by these pathogens. In this study, pathogens were isolated and purified from the naturally diseased blue-mold tissue of Lanzhou lily, and then morphological and molecular biology techniques were applied to identify the isolates, verify the pathogenicity, determine the disease index and disease incidence, and finally, to analyze the control effect of ozone treatment on the blue mold of lily scale and mycotoxin accumulation. The results indicated that the main isolates causing postharvest blue mold of lily were Talaromyces adpressus, Penicillium gladioli, T. calidominioluteus, and P. polonicum. The pathogenicity test showed that P. gladioli and P. polonicum had a higher disease index than T. calidominioluteus and T. adpressus. Ozone treatment significantly reduced the incidence of disease caused by P. gladioli and P. polonicum, and effectively controlled the accumulation of patulin. This study characterized the main pathogens causing blue mold of postharvest Lanzhou lily during storage, and confirmed ozone application has a significant inhibitory effect on blue mold development and patulin accumulation in Lanzhou lily, which could be helpful in commercially controlling blue mold of postharvest Lanzhou lily during storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Postharvest Fungal Diseases)
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Review

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17 pages, 945 KiB  
Review
Research Progress on the Mechanism and Function of Histone Acetylation Regulating the Interaction between Pathogenic Fungi and Plant Hosts
by Xiaokang Zhang, Yuzhu Zhou, Yangzhi Liu, Boqiang Li, Shiping Tian and Zhanquan Zhang
J. Fungi 2024, 10(8), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10080522 - 26 Jul 2024
Abstract
Histone acetylation is a crucial epigenetic modification, one that holds the key to regulating gene expression by meticulously modulating the conformation of chromatin. Most histone acetylation enzymes (HATs) and deacetylation enzymes (HDACs) in fungi were originally discovered in yeast. The functions and mechanisms [...] Read more.
Histone acetylation is a crucial epigenetic modification, one that holds the key to regulating gene expression by meticulously modulating the conformation of chromatin. Most histone acetylation enzymes (HATs) and deacetylation enzymes (HDACs) in fungi were originally discovered in yeast. The functions and mechanisms of HATs and HDACs in yeast that have been documented offer us an excellent entry point for gaining insights into these two types of enzymes. In the interaction between plants and pathogenic fungi, histone acetylation assumes a critical role, governing fungal pathogenicity and plant immunity. This review paper delves deep into the recent advancements in understanding how histone acetylation shapes the interaction between plants and fungi. It explores how this epigenetic modification influences the intricate balance of power between these two kingdoms of life, highlighting the intricate network of interactions and the subtle shifts in these interactions that can lead to either mutual coexistence or hostile confrontation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Postharvest Fungal Diseases)
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18 pages, 1805 KiB  
Review
Endophytic Fungi Volatile Organic Compounds as Crucial Biocontrol Agents Used for Controlling Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Diseases
by Lijun Ling, Lijun Feng, Yao Li, Rui Yue, Yuanyuan Wang and Yongpeng Zhou
J. Fungi 2024, 10(5), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10050332 - 4 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1318
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are an important part of the human diet, but during transportation and storage, microbial pathogens attack and spoil fruits and vegetables, causing huge economic losses to agriculture. Traditionally used chemical fungicides leave chemical residues, leading to environmental pollution and health [...] Read more.
Fruits and vegetables are an important part of the human diet, but during transportation and storage, microbial pathogens attack and spoil fruits and vegetables, causing huge economic losses to agriculture. Traditionally used chemical fungicides leave chemical residues, leading to environmental pollution and health risks. With the emphasis on food safety, biocontrol agents are attracting more and more attention due to their environmental friendliness. Endophytic fungi are present in plant tissues and do not cause host disease. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) they produce are used to control postharvest diseases due to their significant antifungal activity, as well as their volatility, safety and environmental protection characteristics. This review provides the concept and characterization of endophytic fungal VOCs, concludes the types of endophytic fungi that release antifungal VOCs and their biological control mechanisms, as well as focuses on the practical applications and the challenges of applying VOCs as fumigants. Endophytic fungal VOCs can be used as emerging biocontrol resources to control postharvest diseases that affect fruits and vegetables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Postharvest Fungal Diseases)
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