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Coastal Risk Assessment and Management
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Coastal Risk Assessment and Management

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Coastal Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 23757

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Han Soo Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
Interests: coastal hazards; typhoons; climate change impacts on typhoons, storm surge, tsunami, and coastal flood
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the 20th century, climate change has had wide-spread impacts on the global society and the natural environment. In recent years, global warming in has caused sea levels to rise, as well as frequent weather and climatic extreme events such as tropical cyclones and storm surges, which result in adverse influences on the socio-economic and environmental systems of coastal areas. The rise of sea levels directly leads to the inundation of coastal lowlands, the degradation of coastal ecosystems and the reduction in coastal defense capacity. It will also result in the intensification of coastal disasters such as storm surges, coastal erosion and coastal city floods, threatening the socio-economic development of coastal areas.

To strengthen the resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters envisaged by the United Nations in the 13th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), and to achieve the goal of making human settlements more safe, resilient and sustainable—as outlined in the 11th SDG—multidisciplinary comprehensive risk assessment and mitigation and adaptation to the coastal environment and socio-economic impacts are of great significance in order to improve the capacity of natural disaster prevention and mitigation for coastal zones.

This Special Issue seeks to compile current state-of-the-art articles related to integrated coastal risk assessment and management. Contributions are encouraged in topics including, but not limited to:

  1. Coastal hazards, vulnerability and risk assessment;
  2. Integrated coastal zone management;
  3. Coastal flooding, storm surge, waves and tsunamis;
  4. Sea-level rise and global warming;
  5. Pressure, indicators, and resilience of coastal zone;
  6. Coastal zone health index;
  7. Multi-criteria analysis and decision-making.

Prof. Dr. Han Soo Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coastal hazards, vulnerability and risk assessment
  • integrated coastal zone management
  • tropical cyclones, storm surge and storm waves
  • global warming and sea-level rise
  • pressure, indicators, and resilience of coastal zone
  • coastal zone health index
  • multi-criteria analysis and decision-making

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 4142 KiB  
Article
Spatial Distribution of Tsunami Hazard Posed by Earthquakes along the Manila Trench
by Feng Ma, Guangsheng Zhao, Xingyu Gao and Xiaojing Niu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1449; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101449 - 07 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1850
Abstract
Quantitative probability has been computed for the tsunami hazard posed by earthquakes from the Manila Trench, which has been regarded as a huge threat in the South China Sea. This study provides a spatial distribution of the tsunami hazard covering the affected area [...] Read more.
Quantitative probability has been computed for the tsunami hazard posed by earthquakes from the Manila Trench, which has been regarded as a huge threat in the South China Sea. This study provides a spatial distribution of the tsunami hazard covering the affected area with a spatial resolution of 0.1° for disaster prevention of islands and continental coasts. The quantitative probability of the tsunami hazard is computed by an efficient model, which can realize a large amount of potential tsunami scenarios analysis in order to consider the randomness and uncertainty in earthquake magnitude, source location and focal depth. In the model, for each potential tsunami scenario, the occurrence probability of the corresponding earthquake and the intensity of tsunami waves at each target location are computed. The occurrence probability of each scenario is estimated based on the historical earthquake records. Then, the subsequent tsunami caused by each scenario is computed using a new, efficient approach, instead of direct simulation using an ocean dynamics model. A total of 1,380,000 scenarios are computed in order to obtain a stable statistical result. Based on the results, the spatial distribution of the tsunami hazard is discussed and high-hazard regions along the coast have been identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Risk Assessment and Management)
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12 pages, 7244 KiB  
Article
Tsunami Hazard Assessment at Oeiras Municipality, Portugal
by Angela Santos, Juan Fernandes and Nelson Mileu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081120 - 14 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2365
Abstract
Portugal has had several large tsunamis in the past, yet Oeiras municipality has not implemented mitigation strategies and awareness to the general public, to the authors’ knowledge. In addition, Oeiras has 10 beaches that are very popular among residents and tourists, who can [...] Read more.
Portugal has had several large tsunamis in the past, yet Oeiras municipality has not implemented mitigation strategies and awareness to the general public, to the authors’ knowledge. In addition, Oeiras has 10 beaches that are very popular among residents and tourists, who can become at high risk of a potential tsunami if they do not evacuate from the low ground areas on time. Thus, the tsunami numerical model of the 1755 event was carried out to calculate the inundation, complemented with a field survey, in order to assess the tsunami evacuation conditions of the beaches. The results show the tsunami hits Oeiras municipality 26 to 36 min after the earthquake, inundating all the beaches. The local tsunami hazard classification is Low on 3 beaches, Moderate on 1 beach, High on 5 beaches, and Critical on 1 beach. In addition, there are no tsunami evacuation signs to guide the people to move to higher ground. Therefore, it is important to conduct mitigation strategies to avoid and reduce fatalities in a future tsunami. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Risk Assessment and Management)
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18 pages, 4566 KiB  
Article
Baroclinic Effect on Inner-Port Circulation in a Macro-Tidal Estuary: A Case Study of Incheon North Port, Korea
by Jae-Soon Jeong, Seung-Buhm Woo, Han Soo Lee, Bon-Ho Gu, Jong Wook Kim and Jin Il Song
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(3), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030392 - 09 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2583
Abstract
This study investigated the flow patterns and affecting factors in the North Port of Incheon, South Korea, to understand the inner-port circulation characteristics by applying an unstructured grid finite volume community ocean model (FVCOM) together with a field survey. The FVCOM considered the [...] Read more.
This study investigated the flow patterns and affecting factors in the North Port of Incheon, South Korea, to understand the inner-port circulation characteristics by applying an unstructured grid finite volume community ocean model (FVCOM) together with a field survey. The FVCOM considered the tide, river discharge, surface winds, and atmospheric pressure with the highest resolution of 50 m around the port. The model results were validated with current velocity and salinity observations. In the main channel, the difference in salinity between the sea surface and bottom increased during the neap tide due to weakened tidal currents, thus strengthening the stratification. However, at the inner port, strong stratification was observed during spring tide as the near-surface freshwater from upstream of the estuary moved relatively farther south of the port than that during the neap tide. Freshwater flowed into the port during the flood current and was trapped in the semi-closed geometry of the inner port. The horizontal salinity gradient between the trapped fresher water in the port and saltier water in the main channel increased during the flood current. As a result, density-driven circulations associated with near-bed currents towards the port were maintained for more than 3 h after high tide. This result implies that the baroclinic effect, mainly due to the salinity gradient in the North Port, could significantly affect residual circulation at the inner harbor in a macro-tidal environment and the mass transport mechanism, such as sediment transport. In general, such enhanced baroclinic effects due to salinity and tides are not limited to the North Port and can have greater effects on inner-port circulation in other macro-tidal harbors that suffer from severe sedimentation problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Risk Assessment and Management)
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26 pages, 5966 KiB  
Article
Quantifying Estuarine Hydrometeorological Coastal Hazards Using a Combined Field Observation and Modeling Approach
by Stephanie M. Dohner and Carter B. DuVal
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(3), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030335 - 28 Feb 2022
Viewed by 1826
Abstract
Coastal development and its associated site management have rapidly expanded to estuarine environments while continuing to increase worldwide. With the growth of coastal management projects, field observations are required to understand how anthropogenic construction, coastal defense, environmental restoration, and conservation areas will react [...] Read more.
Coastal development and its associated site management have rapidly expanded to estuarine environments while continuing to increase worldwide. With the growth of coastal management projects, field observations are required to understand how anthropogenic construction, coastal defense, environmental restoration, and conservation areas will react to the typical, extreme, and long-term conditions at the proposed sites. To address these unknowns, we present a multi-faceted coastal risk assessment of a unique, recently nourished estuarine beach near the mouth of the Delaware Bay Estuary by merging rapid-response remote sensing platforms, hydrodynamic models, and publically available monitoring datasets. Specifically, hydrometeorological events from 2015 to 2019 were the focus of peak-over-threshold statistics, event type definition, and clustered event interval determination. The 95th percentile thresholds were determined to be the following: 0.84 m for the significant wave height, 13.5 m/s for the 10-m elevation wind speed, and 0.4 m for the total water level residuals. Tropical and extra-tropical cyclones, light gales, or cold and stationary fronts proved to be the meteorological causes of the sediment mobility, inducing the hydrodynamics at the site. Using these event types and exceedance instances, clustered meteorological events were defined as having an interval greater than twelve hours but less than five days to be considered clustered. Clustered events were observed to cause greater volumetric change than individual events, and are currently underrepresented in coastal risk planning and response in the region. Coastal monitoring field measurements should consider clustered events when conducting post-hazardous or erosional event response surveys. This work highlights the importance of clustered hydrometeorological events causing estuarine coastal risk, and how to quantify these effects through combined field observations and modeling approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Risk Assessment and Management)
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12 pages, 920 KiB  
Article
Seaport Terminals Risks Prioritization Using a Structural Modeling-Based Approach: A Real Case Study
by Maryam Dhahri, Manel Elmsalmi, Awad M. Aljuaid and Wafik Hachicha
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020217 - 07 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1681
Abstract
Port risk management (PRM) during port operations is a current problem that can negatively affect the environment, people, and economic issues. In the literature, there is an enormous amount of research related to supply chain risk management (SCRM) in various areas and with [...] Read more.
Port risk management (PRM) during port operations is a current problem that can negatively affect the environment, people, and economic issues. In the literature, there is an enormous amount of research related to supply chain risk management (SCRM) in various areas and with various objectives. However, PRM has not received the same degree of attention. In fact, port terminals are crucial links in most supply chain networks and an important pillar of international trade. Therefore, for better risk mitigation efficiency, a risk assessment and prioritization step are vital. Recently in the literature, researchers have applied prospective methods such as structural analysis methods to risk prioritization in SCRM. The aim of this research is to prioritize various man-made risk variables in PRM using a qualitative structural modeling-based approach, specifically, the MICMAC method (referring to its French acronym: Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement). An empirical study was conducted to assesses and prioritize risk variables of the seaport terminals of Sfax (Tunisia). The main contributions of the empirical research are twofold. First, to prioritize the key risk variables to define the most critical ones that require immediate intervention. Second, to analyze the structure of the influences between all identified risk variables. The results for the port terminals of Sfax show that the highest-priority risk variables are the manual handling (Ph3), disregard for safety aspects (Ph4), unsafe storage of goods (Inc1), absence of a prevention system and a rescue organization (Inc2), neglect of the regulatory aspects of handling equipment (M1), ignorance of good handling practices during the operation of loading and unloading (Cho2), and inadequate lifting accessories (Cho3). These risk variables must be the subject of urgent risk reduction strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Risk Assessment and Management)
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Review

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26 pages, 7993 KiB  
Review
A Shared Vision on the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Malaysia: Hazard Assessments, Post-Disaster Measures and Research
by Wei Chek Moon, Lariyah Mohd Sidek, Tze Liang Lau, How Tion Puay, Taksiah Abdul Majid, Ahmad Khairi Abd Wahab and Fang Yenn Teo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1088; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081088 - 08 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4824
Abstract
The tsunami is one of the deadliest natural disasters, responsible for more than 260,000 deaths and billions in economic losses over the last two decades. The footage of the devastating power of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami perhaps remains vivid in the memory [...] Read more.
The tsunami is one of the deadliest natural disasters, responsible for more than 260,000 deaths and billions in economic losses over the last two decades. The footage of the devastating power of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami perhaps remains vivid in the memory of most survivors, and Malaysia was one of the countries affected by the unprecedented 2004 tsunami. It was the first time the Malaysian government had managed such a great disaster. This review, therefore, gathers the relevant literature pertaining to the efforts undertaken following the event of the 2004 tsunami from Malaysia’s perspective. A compilation of post-event observations regarding tsunami characteristics is first presented in the form of maps, followed by building damage, including damage modes of wall failure, total collapse, debris impact and tilting of structures. In addition, hazard assessments and projections regarding a hypothetical future tsunami towards vulnerable hazard zones in Malaysia are reviewed. It is observed that future tsunami risks may originate from the Indian/Burma Plate, Andaman Island, Sunda Trench, Manila Trench, Sulu Trench, Negro Trench, Sulawesi Trench, Cotabato Trench and Brunei slide. A rundown of post-2004 measures and tsunami research undertaken in the country is also included in this review, serving as a reference for disaster management globally. Overall, the outcomes of this review are important for understanding tsunami vulnerability and the resilience of coastal infrastructures, which will be crucial for continued progress in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Risk Assessment and Management)
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17 pages, 1719 KiB  
Review
Coastal Vulnerability: A Brief Review on Integrated Assessment in Southeast Asia
by Noorashikin Md Noor and Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(5), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050595 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6705
Abstract
Coastal zones are an essential part of maintaining sustainability in the world. Coastal regions have gained importance due to various factors, including high ecological production, dense population, industry compatibility, waste disposal, leisure, transportation, and development of military strategies. Coasts are often on the [...] Read more.
Coastal zones are an essential part of maintaining sustainability in the world. Coastal regions have gained importance due to various factors, including high ecological production, dense population, industry compatibility, waste disposal, leisure, transportation, and development of military strategies. Coasts are often on the move and must adapt while nature constantly works to maintain balance. Southeast Asia has gained prominence due to its rich ecosystem, high productivity, and densely populated coastal region. In light of this, the coastlines of Southeast Asia are threatened by various factors, including global climate change and human activities. These factors exacerbate the shoreline erosion, frequent catastrophic events, rising sea levels, and saltwater intrusion. Coastal management has become one of the most important challenges of the past decade. The coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was developed to identify and manage vulnerable locations along the coast. Thus, this review attempts to summarize coastal vulnerability in Southeast Asian based on journals and reports. Topics covered include: (1) introduction to coastal vulnerability, (2) methods for determining coastal vulnerability, (3) factors influencing coastal vulnerability (4) associated coastal vulnerability, (5) assessment gaps, and (6) further courses of action. Consequently, assessment of coastal vulnerability will support Southeast Asian coastal communities in guiding mitigation strategies to manage coastal threats in future climate change and urban development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Risk Assessment and Management)
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