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Analysis of Designs for Ship and Offshore Structures

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A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 April 2024) | Viewed by 15523

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Md Jahir Rizvi

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Reynolds Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
Interests: naval architecture; stability of marine vessels; ship, boat and yacht design; construction of marine vessels, ship resistance, ship propulsion, marine hydrodynamics, composite hulls, ship and boat recycling, applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA) in the contexts of marine vessels, corrosion and fatigue failure of marine structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Rafet Kurt

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Guest Editor

Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: ship recycling; human factors; maritime safety and risk
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Kangsu Lee

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Guest Editor

Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering, Yuseong-gu, Daejon, Republic of Korea
Interests: offshore structural analysis; finite element method; hydroelasticity; nonlinear mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Chang Yong Song

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Guest Editor

Department of Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, Republic of Korea
Interests: soft computing; optimization; probabilistic design methodology; AI application to design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Naval architects and ship designers are working tirelessly in collaboration with various scientists and engineers to meet marine transportation demands through the innovation of energy-efficient and cost-effective but large-carrying-capacity ships while keeping the emissions level low. Likewise, offshore engineers are also working hard to maintain the resilience of energy demands, ensuring reliable and fully functioning offshore structures. Recent upward trends and aspirations in harvesting marine renewable energies have also contributed to a boost in offshore installations.

This Special Issue thus covers research topics related to the design and analysis of new and existing ships and offshore structures. All theoretical, analytical, numerical, and experimental research, as well as review papers and case studies of engineering applications in ships and offshore structures, are warmly invited.

This Special Issue aims at gathering the most promising research, and contributions focused on new challenges are particularly encouraged. A rapid reviewing process and open access publication will be provided for high-quality papers on the following topics:

Hydrodynamic analysis;
Structural design and analysis;
Mooring system analysis;
Local strength analysis of welded joints;
Hydroelastic analysis;
Structural health monitoring and conditions assessment;
Reliability and risk analysis;
Fluid–structure interactions;
Structure–soil interactions;
Transportation and installation analysis of offshore structures;
Fire and explosion analysis;
Fatigue and fracture analysis;
Life cycle assessment and recycling.

Dr. Md Jahir Rizvi
Dr. Rafet Kurt
Dr. Kangsu Lee
Prof. Dr. Chang Yong Song
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

ships
offshore structures
hydroelasticity
mooring
local strength
hydrodynamics
fluid-structure interaction
fire and explosion
fatigue and fracture
structural health monitoring

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 5691 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Study on the Structural Response of Multi-Linked Floating Offshore Structure between Digital Model and Physical Model Test for Digital Twin Implementation

by Kichan Sim and Kangsu Lee

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(2), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020262 - 31 Jan 2024

Viewed by 651

Abstract

A digital twin is a virtual model of a real-world structure (such as a device or equipment) which supports various problems or operations that occur throughout the life cycle of the structure through linkage with the actual structure. Digital twins have limitations as a general simulation method because the characteristic changes (motion, stress, vibration, etc.) that occur in the actual structure must be acquired through installed sensors. Additionally, it takes a huge computing cost to output changes in the structure’s characteristics in real time. In particular, in the case of ships and offshore structures, simulation requires a lot of time and resources due to the size of the analysis model and environmental conditions where the wave load acts irregularly, so the application of a different simulation methodology from existing ones is required. The order reduction method, which accurately represents the system’s characteristics and expresses them in a smaller model, can significantly reduce analysis time and is an effective option. In this study, to analyze the applicability of the order reduction method to the development of digital twins for offshore structures, the structural responses of a multi-connected floating offshore structure were estimated by applying the order reduction method based on distortion base mode. The order reduction method based on the distortion base mode predicts the responses by constructing an order-reduced conversion matrix consisting of the selected distortion base mode, based on the mode vector’s orthogonality and autocorrelation coefficients. The predicted structural responses with the reduced order model (ROM) were compared with numerical analysis results derived using the higher order boundary element method and finite element method with in-house code owned by the Korea Research Institute of Ship & Ocean Engineering and measured responses with a model test. When compared with the numerical analysis results, the structural responses were predicted with high accuracy in the wave direction and wave frequency band of the selected distortion base mode, but there are differences due to changed characteristics of the structure when compared with the results of the model test. In addition, differences were also seen in reduced order model evaluation with different sensor locations, and it was confirmed that the more similar the extracted distortion base modes of input sensor location set is to the distortion base modes of predicted location set, the higher accuracy is in predicting the structural responses. As a result, the performance of the reduced order model is determined by the distortion base mode selection method, the locations of the sensor, and the prediction for the structural response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Designs for Ship and Offshore Structures)

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16 pages, 5853 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structural Model Test for Strength Performance Evaluation of Disconnectable Mooring Apparatuses Installed on Floating-Type Offshore Wind Turbine

by Kangsu Lee and Chang-Yong Song

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(5), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11051085 - 21 May 2023

Viewed by 1635

Abstract

The destructive power of typhoons has been continuously increasing due to the influence of global warming. In a situation where the installation of floating wind turbines is increasing around the world, concerns about huge losses and collapses of floating offshore wind turbines due to strong typhoons are deepening. Regarding the safe operation of floating offshore wind turbines, the development of a new type of disconnectable mooring system is required. The newly developed disconnectable mooring apparatuses, such as fairlead chain stoppers (FCS) and submersible mooring pulleys (SMP), considered in this study are devised to more easily attach or detach the floating offshore wind turbine with mooring lines compared to other disconnectable mooring systems. In order to investigate the structural safety of the initial design of FCS and SMP that can be applied to MW class floating-type offshore wind turbines, scaled-down structural models were produced using a 3-D printer, and structural tests were performed on those models. For the structural tests of the scaled-down models, tensile specimens of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material used in the 3-D printing process were prepared, and the material properties were evaluated by performing tensile tests. Finite element analyses of FCS and SMP were performed by applying the material properties obtained from the tensile tests and the same load and boundary conditions as in the scaled-down model structural tests. Through the finite element analyses, the weak structural parts of FCS and SMP were reviewed. The structural model tests were performed considering the main load conditions of the fairlead chain stopper, and the test results were compared to the finite element analyses. Through the results of this study, it was possible to experimentally verify the structural safety of the initial design of disconnectable mooring apparatuses. Furthermore, the study results can be used to improve the structural strength of FCS and SMP in a detailed design stage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Designs for Ship and Offshore Structures)

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23 pages, 11589 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Hydrodynamic Loads on an Offshore Monopile Structure Considering Hydroelasticity Effects

by Michael Thome, Ould el Moctar and Thomas E. Schellin

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(2), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020350 - 04 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1172

Abstract

Regular and irregular waves were numerically generated in a wave canal to investigate hydrodynamic loads acting on a wind turbine monopile and to predict its structural response. The monopile was implemented in the canal and modeled as a flexible structure, with the turbine blades and rotors considered as a point mass situated at the top of the monopile. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations were performed by coupling a structure solver based on a finite element method (FEM) with an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations solver of the finite volume method (FVM). The FSI simulations considered the two-way interaction between the deformable structure and the fluid flow. The URANS equations solver was coupled with the volume of fluid (VoF) method to account for the two-phase flow. In regular waves, numerically predicted total load coefficients occurring at the monopile’s first eigenfrequency compared favorably to experimental measurements. A deviation between calculations and measurements was observed for the total loads in irregular waves. This deviation occurred due to the smaller wave energy density of the numerically predicted irregular wave. Hydroelasticity effects increased wave-induced forces by about 6% and wave induced bending moments by about 16% in regular waves. A relatively strong whipping event was observed, which characterized the hydroelasticity response bending moment of the monopile in irregular long-crested waves. This whipping event also had a significant influence on the loads on the monopile. These investigations demonstrated the favorable use of FSI simulations to predict hydroelasticity effects on a monopile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Designs for Ship and Offshore Structures)

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18 pages, 5611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Computational Analysis of Flight Deck Structural Behaviour under Variable Loadings

by Victoria G. Carter and Md Jahir Rizvi

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(11), 1262; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111262 - 12 Nov 2021

Viewed by 1886

Abstract

The flight deck of an aircraft carrier is subjected to various loads. In addition, the operation of fixed-wing aircraft presents unique structural requirements for the deck. This paper, therefore, compares the structural behaviour of a flight deck which was designed following the guidelines of three classification societies: Lloyd’s Register (LR), Det Norske Veritas Germanischer Lloyd (DNV), and Registro Italiano Navale (RINA). The loading scenarios considered in this work represent the operation of an F-35B Lightning jet from a Queen Elizabeth-class (QEC) aircraft carrier. A commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software ANSYS was also used to investigate the deflection, stress and strain on the deck plates. The analysis identified that only the calculated deck thickness values based on the LR regulations would meet the requirement for the class. This finding was further supported by the FEA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Designs for Ship and Offshore Structures)

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22 pages, 21556 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Livelihood Assessment and Occupational Health Hazard of the Ship-Breaking Industry Workers at Chattogram, Bangladesh

by Abu Faisal Ahamad, Petra Schneider, Romaza Khanum, Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder, Sabrina Jannat Mitu and Md. Mostafa Shamsuzzaman

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(7), 718; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070718 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3559

Abstract

The ship-breaking industry has become a promising sector in Bangladesh by contributing to the country’s primary steel demand as raw material for re-rolling mills, providing livelihood opportunities for the poor. This paper investigates the livelihood index and health hazards of workers engaged in ship-breaking activities at the Bhatiari coast of Chattogram, Bangladesh. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through participatory rural assessment (PRA) tools that included 128 individual interviews (II), ten focus group discussions (FGDs), and 15 key informant interviews (KIIs). The workers’ livelihoods revealed that workers lack basic facilities and are exposed to occupational health hazards due to working in a risky environment. Workers of different origins claimed to have 1 to 6 years of work experience and worked 11 to 12 h a day. More than 60% of workers reported being injured or suffering from various physical problems such as blurred vision, abdominal pain, and skin problems. Labor-intensive and unstable occupations, limited access to medical services, poor housing and sanitation, and lack of basic safety requirements increase workers’ plight. Therefore, the study offers advanced protective equipment, better medical facilities, and a safe workplace to improve the workers’ livelihoods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Designs for Ship and Offshore Structures)

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Review

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17 pages, 1060 KiB

Open AccessReview

The 100 m Composite Ship?

by Michael John Lowde, Henry George Arthur Peters, Ruadan Geraghty, Jasper Graham-Jones, Richard Pemberton and John Summerscales

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(3), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030408 - 11 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6289

Abstract

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) matrix composites are widely used in large marine structures, and in wind turbines where blade lengths are now over 100 m. Composites are the material of choice for small vessels due to ease of manufacture, high hull girder stiffness, buckling resistance, corrosion resistance and underwater shock resistance. Ships over 100 m are still built using traditional steel and/or aluminium, but so far not FRP. Composite ship lengths have increased over the past 50 years, but fundamental technical challenges remain for the 100 m composite ship. Preliminary studies suggest a possible 30% saving in structural weight, a 7–21% reduction in full load displacement, and a cost saving of 15%. However, economic considerations, design codes, manufacturing limits, safety and end of life scenarios need to be addressed before a 100 m ship is built. Innovative materials and structures, notably carbon fibre composite skinned sandwich construction, or aramid fibres with vinylester modified epoxy resin, should result in increased mechanical performance and consequent improvements in economics and manufacturing processes. A linear extrapolation of length vs. launch dates predicts the first 100 m ship would be launched in 2042. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Designs for Ship and Offshore Structures)

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