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Green Energy with Advanced Propulsion Systems for Net-Zero Shipping
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Green Energy with Advanced Propulsion Systems for Net-Zero Shipping

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 2409

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chybyung Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Interests: sustainability with green fuels and electrical power; marine engineering with advanced propulsion; marine emissions
Dr. Hayoung Jang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: risk assessment; ammonia fuel; life cycle assessment; marine engineering; alternative fuels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to gather high-quality review articles focusing on advanced propulsion systems and green energy research for maritime decarbonization. The objective is to provide readers with a comprehensive platform to access a wide range of topics related to achieving net-zero in the shipping sector while offering novel methodologies, valuable insights, and perspectives on the future of shipping.

The scope of this Special Issue is not limited to propulsion systems and alternative fuels but extends to a broader set of themes. For example, contributions may address the regulatory frameworks surrounding green fuels and their resulting economic and technical implications. Furthermore, discussions may cover the environmental impacts and risk factors associated with the application of new fuels and technologies.

By embracing this technological diversity, the Special Issue intends to explore multiple dimensions through which shipping can progress toward net-zero. We warmly welcome manuscripts that seek to contribute to this effort.

Dr. Chybyung Park
Dr. Hayoung Jang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green fuels
  • advanced propulsion system with electric propulsion
  • new technology for net-zero
  • GHG (greenhouse gas)
  • rule and regulation
  • safety for green fuels
  • energy management system

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3617 KB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Biomimetic Wingsails for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
by Junfu Yuan, Haijun Wei and Chen Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(9), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14090777 - 23 Apr 2026
Viewed by 221
Abstract
The aerodynamic characteristics of wingsails on unmanned surface vessels (USVs) play a crucial role in enhancing propulsion performance. Two-dimensional wingsail airfoils of owl wings, merganser wings, seagull wings, and teal wings were obtained through biomimetic design. Then a numerical investigation was conducted on [...] Read more.
The aerodynamic characteristics of wingsails on unmanned surface vessels (USVs) play a crucial role in enhancing propulsion performance. Two-dimensional wingsail airfoils of owl wings, merganser wings, seagull wings, and teal wings were obtained through biomimetic design. Then a numerical investigation was conducted on the four biomimetic airfoils using the SST k-ω turbulence model to evaluate their aerodynamic performance. The results demonstrate that the bionic merganser airfoil exhibits the most superior lift performance, achieving a maximum lift coefficient of 3.21 across angles of attack ranging from 0° to 60° among the four biomimetic wingsails, and the bionic seagull airfoil is second, while the bionic teal airfoil shows the weakest lift characteristics. As the angle of attack increases, flow separation emerges at the trailing edge of the biomimetic airfoils, leading to the formation of separation vortices. For example, the backflow zone on the suction surface of the biomimetic merganser wingsail, caused by unsteady flow, persists at an angle of attack of 16 degrees. The vortex structure at the trailing edge of the biomimetic merganser wingsail periodically generates, develops, detaches, and dissipates, which affects the backflow of the suction surface of the wingsail and interferes with its lift coefficient. The study provides an excellent reference for selecting high-performance USV wingsails. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Energy with Advanced Propulsion Systems for Net-Zero Shipping)
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24 pages, 3827 KB  
Article
An Environmental Impact Analysis of the Transition to Electric-Propulsion Ships Toward Net-Zero Shipping: A Case Study of Vessels Operated by a Korean Shipping Company
by Chybyung Park
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(5), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14050505 - 7 Mar 2026
Viewed by 593
Abstract
Decarbonizing ocean-going shipping requires decision-grade environmental evidence for propulsion transitions, yet conventional LCA relies on static inventories that inadequately represent dynamic operations and route-dependent renewable generation. This study evaluates well-to-wake (WtW) Global Warming Potential (GWP) for two large container ships operated by a [...] Read more.
Decarbonizing ocean-going shipping requires decision-grade environmental evidence for propulsion transitions, yet conventional LCA relies on static inventories that inadequately represent dynamic operations and route-dependent renewable generation. This study evaluates well-to-wake (WtW) Global Warming Potential (GWP) for two large container ships operated by a Korean company under four scenarios: conventional diesel main engine, diesel–electric with onboard generator, full battery-electric supplied by shore electricity from the Republic of Korea grid, and battery-electric with a route-resolved solar PV system. A Live-LCA (LLCA) framework couples LCI data with MATLAB/Simulink power and propulsion modeling driven by actual operating profiles and route environmental conditions to generate operational inventories for impact calculation. Diesel–electric operation increases annual WtW GWP by over 26% for both ships versus the baseline of a conventional diesel main engine, whereas shore-electric battery operation is able to reduce WtW GWP by around 40% versus diesel–electric. With limited PV installation, additional reductions are marginal. Depending on electricity profile, it can increase battery-electric GHG emissions by approximately 27%, highlighting sensitivity to electricity evolution. Overall, electric propulsion delivers climate benefits only when paired with low-carbon electricity, and LLCA enables operationally and route-grounded LCA for large container ships. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Energy with Advanced Propulsion Systems for Net-Zero Shipping)
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28 pages, 9071 KB  
Article
C-HILS-Based Evaluation of Control Performance, Losses, and Thermal Lifetime of a Marine Propulsion Inverter
by Seohee Jang, Hyeongyo Chae and Chan Roh
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(2), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14020221 - 21 Jan 2026
Viewed by 443
Abstract
This paper presents a controller-hardware-in-the-loop simulation (C-HILS) framework for validating models, evaluating control performance, and assessing the thermal lifetime of a tens-of-kilowatt inverter. The real inverter and the C-HILS platform were operated in parallel, and accuracy was quantified using phase-current root mean square [...] Read more.
This paper presents a controller-hardware-in-the-loop simulation (C-HILS) framework for validating models, evaluating control performance, and assessing the thermal lifetime of a tens-of-kilowatt inverter. The real inverter and the C-HILS platform were operated in parallel, and accuracy was quantified using phase-current root mean square error, voltage spectral analysis, and total harmonic distortion (THD). Across a wide range of SVPWM and DPWM cases, deviations remained within 2–5%, confirming close agreement between experiment and simulation. Using the validated C-HILS system, sampling frequency and output power were swept while comparing current tracking, THD, average switching frequency, semiconductor losses, and efficiency. SVPWM achieved lower THD, whereas DPWM reduced average switching frequency and switching losses, improving efficiency. C-HILS waveforms were then applied to a Foster thermal network to reconstruct the junction–temperature trajectory; Tj(t), and ΔTj and Tj,min were mapped to lifetime using the Bayerer model. For a representative cyclic mission, ΔTj decreased from approximately 25.6 °C with SVPWM to about 17.5 °C with DPWM, increasing the estimated lifetime from approximately 1.36 years to 9.14 years. These results demonstrate that the proposed C-HILS framework provides a unified pre-prototype tool for model verification, control strategy comparison, and quantitative thermal reliability assessment of shipboard propulsion inverters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Energy with Advanced Propulsion Systems for Net-Zero Shipping)
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18 pages, 3612 KB  
Article
Comparison of Fixed and Adaptive Speed Control for a Flettner-Rotor-Assisted Coastal Ship Using Coupled Maneuvering-Energy Simulation
by Seohee Jang, Hyeongyo Chae and Chan Roh
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(2), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14020210 - 20 Jan 2026
Viewed by 583
Abstract
Wind-assisted propulsion using Flettner rotors has gained attention as the shipping sector faces stricter decarbonization regulations. This study compares conventional Fixed Speed Control with Adaptive Speed Control for a 100 m coastal vessel. The proposed Adaptive Speed Control selectively activates the rotor based [...] Read more.
Wind-assisted propulsion using Flettner rotors has gained attention as the shipping sector faces stricter decarbonization regulations. This study compares conventional Fixed Speed Control with Adaptive Speed Control for a 100 m coastal vessel. The proposed Adaptive Speed Control selectively activates the rotor based on relative wind conditions and adjusts rotor speed according to the surge-direction projection of Magnus force. A simulation framework based on the MMG maneuvering model evaluates path-following performance, fuel consumption, and annual performance indicators. Results show that Adaptive Speed Control achieves 18.84% reduction in fuel consumption, corresponding to annual savings of 212.02 tons of fuel, USD 190,823 in OPEX, and 679.76 tons of CO2 emissions. Selective rotor operation reduces the Fatigue Damage Index by approximately 89%, resulting in 84.48% reduction in annual maintenance costs. Unwanted lateral forces and yaw disturbances are mitigated, improving path-following and maneuvering stability. These findings demonstrate that situationally aware Adaptive Speed Control improves energy efficiency and operational characteristics of Flettner-rotor-assisted propulsion systems while maintaining maneuvering performance, providing practical guidance for wind-assisted ship operation under realistic coastal conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Energy with Advanced Propulsion Systems for Net-Zero Shipping)
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