Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in Offshore Petroleum

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Coastal Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 January 2027 | Viewed by 3522

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Interests: risk-informed decision-making in offshore petroleum; barrier management & indicators in offshore petroleum; operational & on-line risk analysis; risk modelling for marine system hazards in offshore petroleum; prevention of HC leaks in offshore petroleum; autonomous offshore petroleum production facilities

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Guest Editor
School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian, China
Interests: intelligent fault diagnosis technologies for complex equipment; risk analysis theory and techniques for major accidents in offshore engineering; load characteristics and response mechanisms of offshore engineering equipment in deep-sea internal waves

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Several major accidents occurred in the North Sea in the 1970s and 1980s. Risk assessments were developed in the Norwegian and UK offshore sectors to achieve effective mitigation strategies. Major accidents in the North Sea and associated waters have been rare since 1990, whereas major accidents have continued to occur in other geographical sectors.

This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the current use of risk assessments and the lessons learned from major accidents that have occurred during offshore petroleum extraction to develop effective mitigation strategies. It will also focus on current challenges to determine the effective use of risk assessments in offshore petroleum environments.

We welcome the submission of cutting-edge research into models and data sources for risk assessment and application experiences in the offshore petroleum sector. Theoretical and practical papers will be included in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Jan-Erik Vinnem
Dr. Xingwei Zhen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mitigation strategies for fire and explosion risks
  • the prevention of hydrocarbon leaks
  • risk assessment models for new concepts
  • the use of AI, data mining, and other modern tools
  • risk-based contingency planning
  • risk tolerance criteria
  • the use and development of major accident risk indicators
  • lessons learned from major accidents

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 19774 KB  
Article
The Modal QRA—Enabling Real-Time Risk Calculations
by Joar Dalheim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(11), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14111000 - 28 May 2026
Viewed by 694
Abstract
Industry has for a long time aspired to a dynamic QRA (quantitative risk analysis), but due to the complexity of the traditional scenario-based risk analysis, it has not been practicably possible to perform fast enough analyses for real-time risk updates. As an analogy, [...] Read more.
Industry has for a long time aspired to a dynamic QRA (quantitative risk analysis), but due to the complexity of the traditional scenario-based risk analysis, it has not been practicably possible to perform fast enough analyses for real-time risk updates. As an analogy, if the speedometer had required several hours to calculate the speed of a car, it would never have become the valuable and mandatory risk management tool it is for all car drivers today. A completely new approach to QRAs has now rendered real-time risk updates a reality for industry, both for onshore plants and for offshore facilities. The new modal risk analysis represents a technical solution offering real-time QRA calculations, even for the largest and most complex facilities. A pilot version of the modal QRA has been developed and tested, and the modal risk updates are seen to be both real-time and sufficiently accurate for expedient risk-based decision-making. The new modal QRA can disruptively change the way we understand and manage the risk of our facilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in Offshore Petroleum)
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23 pages, 4646 KB  
Article
A Dynamic Bayesian Pre-Warning Framework for Safety-Critical Barriers in Subsea Production Systems
by Wei Zhou, Yaqi Yang, Tao Liu, Ran Tao and Xingwei Zhen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(10), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14100889 - 11 May 2026
Viewed by 389
Abstract
Safety-critical valves in subsea production systems are essential barriers against catastrophic hydrocarbon releases. However, effective risk pre-warning remains challenging under conditions of sparse test data, infrequent failures, and discrete testing intervals, where conventional static thresholds often lead to delayed warnings or excessive false [...] Read more.
Safety-critical valves in subsea production systems are essential barriers against catastrophic hydrocarbon releases. However, effective risk pre-warning remains challenging under conditions of sparse test data, infrequent failures, and discrete testing intervals, where conventional static thresholds often lead to delayed warnings or excessive false alarms. To address this gap, this study proposes a dynamic Bayesian pre-warning method for safety-critical barriers, in which valve-level test data are interpreted as observable manifestations of barrier health states. A Beta–Binomial conjugate model is employed to recursively update failure probabilities, while an adaptive upper credible bound derived from the posterior distribution is introduced as a self-adjusting warning threshold that explicitly accounts for epistemic uncertainty and data scarcity. This approach enables early detection of emerging degradation while maintaining statistical rigor. The method establishes a hierarchical barrier-oriented warning structure covering two levels: individual safety-critical valves and the overall subsea barrier system. This design enables continuous monitoring of probabilistic barrier state evolution and supports consistent escalation of early warning signals from the individual valve level to the system level. The method is validated using fifteen years of test records (2010–2024) from subsea production systems in a specific offshore oil field, involving over 1200 functional tests of safety-critical valves. The method consistently identifies incipient anomalies earlier than industrial benchmarks and has never triggered a system-level red warning, demonstrating its robustness and operational suitability. By bridging Bayesian inference with integrity management practices, this method offers a principled, data-efficient solution for risk pre-warning in subsea production systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in Offshore Petroleum)
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30 pages, 3335 KB  
Article
Quantitative Approach to the Preliminary Risk Analysis of Environmental Contamination Caused by Oil Spills from Offshore Oil and Gas Installations
by Sarah Bonvicini, Costanza Martina and Valerio Cozzani
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14020207 - 20 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1189
Abstract
Despite improvements in oil spill prevention, recent data confirm that oil releases at sea are still a concern due to the severe environmental contamination potential. Regulations and standards addressing the safety of offshore oil and gas operations against major accident hazards require assessing [...] Read more.
Despite improvements in oil spill prevention, recent data confirm that oil releases at sea are still a concern due to the severe environmental contamination potential. Regulations and standards addressing the safety of offshore oil and gas operations against major accident hazards require assessing and minimizing the risk to the environment caused by oil spills, as well as proving the effectiveness of emergency response plans. The present study proposes an innovative approach to the preliminary risk analysis of environmental contamination due to offshore oil spills, capable of orienting the engineering design of offshore installations and assessing the risk mitigation derived from the introduction of different safety barriers and emergency response strategies. New specific risk indexes and a novel procedure for their calculation were developed. The risk indexes are based on both the frequencies and the consequences of the spills, quantified as oil masses in each marine compartment. The approach allowed for obtaining robust risk indexes, also suitable for guiding the application of detailed oil spill risk assessment methods. A case study is presented to demonstrate the potential of the new approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in Offshore Petroleum)
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25 pages, 5335 KB  
Article
Simulating Evacuation on Inclined Offshore Platforms with an Improved Social Force Model
by Yanfu Wang, Zhicheng Ma, Fei Li and Jin Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14020155 - 11 Jan 2026
Viewed by 603
Abstract
Offshore platforms are particularly vulnerable to inclination or capsizing during extreme weather conditions, such as strong winds, high waves, and powerful currents. These scenarios pose significant risks to offshore employees, making efficient evacuation strategies crucial. This study investigates evacuation processes on inclined offshore [...] Read more.
Offshore platforms are particularly vulnerable to inclination or capsizing during extreme weather conditions, such as strong winds, high waves, and powerful currents. These scenarios pose significant risks to offshore employees, making efficient evacuation strategies crucial. This study investigates evacuation processes on inclined offshore platforms, considering heel angles from 0° to 20° and trim angles from −20° to 20°, focusing on how platform inclination affects evacuation speed and overall evacuation time. To improve simulation accuracy, an Improved Social Force Model is proposed, incorporating both inclination-induced forces and attraction forces to better represent evacuation dynamics on inclined platforms. Simulation results indicate that evacuation time increases significantly when inclination angles exceed 15°, with longitudinal forces having a greater impact on stairway evacuations compared to heel forces. The findings offer valuable guidance for improving evacuation protocols on inclined offshore platforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in Offshore Petroleum)
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