Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implantology—2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Dental Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 8066

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Interests: oral rehabilitation; biomaterials; periodontitis; implant dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
2. Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, Division of Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Interests: oral rehabilitation; implant dentistry; oral function; oral surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of oral biomaterials has come a long way since Brånemark introduced titanium dental implants and since the concept of biocompatibility first emerged. As for today, a repertoire of customized biomaterials meet the demands of millions of patients worldwide in the realms of both prosthetics and regenerative tissue engineering. Dental implantology as well as alloplastic bone reconstruction rely on a variety of substrate materials along with different designs on the macro level and sophisticated and fine-tuned surface modifications or biochemical functionalizations to meet the requirements of their specific field of application. In many cases, there are no satisfactory alternatives to biomaterial-based oral implants that can produce the same level of long-term functionality.

However, oral implants perform in a complex environment that—besides mechanical stability and esthetics—involves the biological interaction with hard and soft tissues, the immune system and the oral microbiome. While progress has been made in the fields of material sciences, surface biofunctionalization, manufacturing processes and the medical understanding of the involved processes in recent years, a considerable portion of oral implants still exhibit impaired (bone and periodontal) healing or fail in the long run, either due to mechanic failure, deficient tissue integration or peri-implant diseases.

This Special Issue, entitled “Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implantology—Volume II”, aims to introduce studies that reflect the progress in nanobiomaterials, polymers, drug release and surface functionalization, but also certainly include hot topics within the clinical workflow such as immediate implant placement, immediate restoration and the digital workflow.

The main topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Advances in substrate materials, e.g., metal, bioceramics, polymers and composites;
  • Macro-/micro implant-surface modifications;
  • Surface functionalization (e.g., drug release, hormones, immobilized antibacterial agents, antimicrobial peptides);
  • Degradable and non-degradable alloplastic bone substitute biomaterials (biomaterial scaffolds, oral tissue engineering and bone regeneration);
  • Loaded bioscaffolds (and implant regenerative medicine/in bone reconstruction/regeneration);
  • Individualized/customized implant fabrication/reconstruction (CAD/CAM) including 3D printing;
  • Clinical workflow: immediate implant placement; immediate loading/restoration; digital workflow; bone management.

Dr. Dominik Kraus
Prof. Dr. Norbert Enkling
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oral implants
  • implant surface modifications
  • surface functionalization
  • biomaterials
  • clinical workflow
  • bone regeneration
  • soft tissue integration

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2220 KiB  
Article
Resorption Rates of Bone Graft Materials after Crestal Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation and Its Influencing Factors
by Ling Jing and Baohui Su
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(5), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15050133 - 17 May 2024
Viewed by 1079
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the resorption rate of bone graft materials after crestal sinus floor elevation, study its influencing factors, and improve the long-term success rate of implants after crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation. Measurement and analysis were conducted [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to analyze the resorption rate of bone graft materials after crestal sinus floor elevation, study its influencing factors, and improve the long-term success rate of implants after crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation. Measurement and analysis were conducted at six postoperative timepoints (0 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, and 30 months) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data on 31 patients from the Chenghuaxinguanghua Dental Clinic who underwent crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation, involving 38 graft sites. The materials resorption rates of the bone graft height (BH) and bone graft width (BW) were assessed. BH and BW resorption rates followed the same trend (p = 0.07), with BH and BW resorption rates decreasing with time (rBH = −0.32, p < 0.01; rBW = −0.18, p < 0.01), and were maximal in the 0–6 month interval, with BH and BW resorption rates of 3.42%/mth and 3.03%/mth, respectively. The average monthly BH and BW resorption rates in the 6–12 month interval rapidly decreased to 1.75%/mth and 1.29%/mth, respectively. The monthly BH and BW resorption rates in the 12–30 month intervals stabilized at 1.45%/mth (p > 0.05) and 1.22%/mth (p > 0.05), respectively. The higher the initial bone graft height (BH0), the lower the BH resorption rates (rBH = −0.98, p < 0.05), and the BW resorption rate was different for different graft sites (p = 0.01). The resorption rates of bone graft materials implanted through crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation decreased rapidly within the first 12 months post operation and remained stable after 12 months. BH0 was identified as a significant factor influencing the resorption rates of bone graft materials. These results could suggest dentists should pay attention to the trend of resorption rates over time and carefully manage the initial height of bone grafts and inspire the research of new bone grafting materials for crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implantology—2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 4014 KiB  
Article
Fracture Resistance of a Bone-Level Two-Piece Zirconia Oral Implant System—The Influence of Artificial Loading and Hydrothermal Aging
by Ralf J. Kohal, Ellen Riesterer, Kirstin Vach, Sebastian B. M. Patzelt, Aljaž Iveković, Lara Einfalt, Andraž Kocjan and Anna-Lena Hillebrecht
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(5), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15050122 - 7 May 2024
Viewed by 1021
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical research on two-piece zirconia implants are warranted. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitro fracture resistance of such a zirconia oral implant system. The present study comprised 32 two-piece zirconia implants and abutments attached to the implants using a titanium ( [...] Read more.
Preclinical and clinical research on two-piece zirconia implants are warranted. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitro fracture resistance of such a zirconia oral implant system. The present study comprised 32 two-piece zirconia implants and abutments attached to the implants using a titanium (n = 16) or a zirconia abutment screw (n = 16). Both groups were subdivided (n = 8): group T-0 comprised implants with a titanium abutment screw and no artificial loading; group T-HL was the titanium screw group exposed to hydro-thermomechanical loading in a chewing simulator; group Z-0 was the zirconia abutment screw group with no artificial loading; and group Z-HL comprised the zirconia screw group with hydro-thermomechanical loading. Groups T-HL and Z-HL were loaded with 98 N and aged in 85 °C hot water for 107 chewing cycles. All samples were loaded to fracture. Kruskal–Wallis tests were executed to assess the loading/bending moment group differences. The significance level was established at a probability of 0.05. During the artificial loading, there was a single occurrence of an implant fracture. The mean fracture resistances measured in a universal testing machine were 749 N for group T-0, 828 N for group Z-0, 652 N for group T-HL, and 826 N for group Z-HL. The corresponding bending moments were as follows: group T-0, 411 Ncm; group Z-0, 452 Ncm; group T-HL, 356 Ncm; and group Z-HL, 456 Ncm. There were no statistically significant differences found between the experimental groups. Therefore, the conclusion was that loading and aging did not diminish the fracture resistance of the evaluated implant system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implantology—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 2376 KiB  
Article
One-Piece Mini Dental Implant-Retained Mandibular Overdentures: 10-Year Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of a Non-Comparative Longitudinal Observational Study
by Nicole Schenk, Hristina Bukvic, Martin Schimmel, Samir Abou-Ayash and Norbert Enkling
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(4), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15040099 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1486
Abstract
This study presents the first 10-year follow-up investigation of the implant survival and peri-implant outcomes of one-piece mini dental implants (MDIs) retaining mandibular implant overdentures (IODs), including marginal bone level alterations (ΔMBLs), clinical peri-implant parameters, and complications. Twenty participants with horizontally atrophied mandibles [...] Read more.
This study presents the first 10-year follow-up investigation of the implant survival and peri-implant outcomes of one-piece mini dental implants (MDIs) retaining mandibular implant overdentures (IODs), including marginal bone level alterations (ΔMBLs), clinical peri-implant parameters, and complications. Twenty participants with horizontally atrophied mandibles received complete dentures and four MDIs (diameter 1.8 mm) at baseline. The dentures were converted into IODs with O-ring attachments. The 10-year follow-up comprised a radiological assessment of ΔMBLs, peri-implant parameters, as well as biological and technical complications. Results from a 10-year follow-up of 14 participants showed a 100% implant survival rate for all 56 implants. The mean ΔMBL after 10 years was −1.12 ± 0.80 mm, with 49 implants classified as successful (ΔMBL < 2 mm) and 7 implants with satisfactory survival (ΔMBL 2–4 mm). Time after implant placement significantly influenced ΔMBL, with stable MBLs after 5 years. The prosthetic survival rate after 10 years was 93%. ΔMBLs were not influenced by implant position or gender but were significantly smaller in subjects older than 65 years. Conclusively, one-piece MDIs with O-ring attachments offer a reliable treatment option for horizontally atrophied mandibles after 10 years, with high implant and prosthetic survival rates, potentially benefiting from advanced age regarding peri-implant bone stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implantology—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 1459 KiB  
Article
An In Vivo Investigation of Non-Metallic vs. Metallic Hand Scalers on Zirconia Implant-Supported Crowns: A Year-Long Analysis of Peri-Implant Maintenance
by Dayna L. Roemermann, Reem Atout, Igor Pesun, Anastasia Kelekis-Cholakis, Chrysi Stavropoulou, Stefan N. Renvert and Rodrigo França
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15010009 - 23 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1720
Abstract
This study examined whether the degree of abutment surface modification that may occur with regular periodontal instrumentation has a clinical impact in terms of increased plaque accumulation and increased peri-implant tissue inflammation on zirconia implant abutments. Thirteen patients who had zirconia implant crowns [...] Read more.
This study examined whether the degree of abutment surface modification that may occur with regular periodontal instrumentation has a clinical impact in terms of increased plaque accumulation and increased peri-implant tissue inflammation on zirconia implant abutments. Thirteen patients who had zirconia implant crowns were recruited in this randomized clinical trial. Each patient acted as their control and had either the buccal or lingual surface of their screw-retained implant restoration scaled with a metallic scaler and the other surface with a non-metallic scaler at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Cytokine testing of the peri-implant crevicular fluid was completed at 0, 3, and 12 months for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, or IFNγ. Implant crowns were removed at 12 months and evaluated under an atomic force microscope for the average roughness (Ra). The implant crowns were polished and re-inserted. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and post hoc tests were conducted with a significance level of α = 0.05. Significant differences in surface roughness (Ra) were observed between the metallic and non-metallic scalers. The median Ra values were 274.0 nm for metallic scalers and 147.1 nm for non-metallic scalers. However, there were no significant differences between the type of scaler used and the amount of clinical inflammation or cytokine production. Metallic scalers produced deeper, more aggressive surface alterations to the abutment/crown zirconia surface, but there was no statistically significant difference between the degree of surface alterations, amount of BOP, and the amplitude of cytokine inflammation produced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implantology—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 8738 KiB  
Article
Fracture Resistance of a Two-Piece Zirconia Implant System after Artificial Loading and/or Hydrothermal Aging—An In Vitro Investigation
by Ralf-Joachim Kohal, Tim Schikofski, Erik Adolfsson, Kirstin Vach, Sebastian Berthold Maximilian Patzelt, Julian Nold and Gregor Wemken
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(12), 567; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14120567 - 15 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2251
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the fracture resistance of a two-piece alumina-toughened zirconia implant system with a carbon-reinforced PEEK abutment screw. Methods: Thirty-two implants with screw-retained zirconia abutments were divided into four groups of eight samples each. Group 0 [...] Read more.
The purpose of the present study was to assess the fracture resistance of a two-piece alumina-toughened zirconia implant system with a carbon-reinforced PEEK abutment screw. Methods: Thirty-two implants with screw-retained zirconia abutments were divided into four groups of eight samples each. Group 0 (control group) was neither loaded nor aged in a chewing simulator; group H was hydrothermally aged; group L was loaded with 98 N; and group HL was subjected to both hydrothermal aging and loading in a chewing simulator. One sample of each group was evaluated for t-m phase transformation, and the others were loaded until fracture. A one-way ANOVA was applied to evaluate differences between the groups. Results: No implant fracture occurred during the artificial chewing simulation. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the groups in terms of fracture resistance (group 0: 783 ± 43 N; group H: 742 ± 43 N; group L: 757 ± 86 N; group HL: 740 ± 43 N) and bending moment (group 0: 433 ± 26 Ncm; group H: 413 ± 23 Ncm; group L: 422 ± 49 Ncm; group HL: 408 ± 27 Ncm). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present investigation, it can be concluded that artificial loading and hydrothermal aging do not reduce the fracture resistance of the investigated implant system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials and Oral Implantology—2nd Edition)
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