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3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 4139

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lokesh Narayanan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
Interests: 3D printing; tissue engineering; quality monitoring; bioprinting; biomedical design; automation; biomanufacturing
Dr. Md Ahasan Habib

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
Interests: bioink; rheology; bioprintability; biofabrication; robotics and automation; machine learning; biomechatronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Srikanthan Ramesh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
Interests: bioink formulation; printability; stimuli-responsive bioinks; extrusion bioprinting; biofabrication; biomaterial scaffolds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue on “3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine” will explore advancements, challenges, and applications of 3D bioprinting for the creation of functional, complex tissue constructs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This Special Issue aims to serve as a comprehensive resource on the latest methodologies and innovations within bioprinting, focusing on scaffold design, biomaterial selection, cellular interaction, tissue formation, process improvement, and post-printing maturation techniques. The goal is to bridge the gap between laboratory research and clinical application, showcasing how 3D bioprinting could revolutionize regenerative medicine through the production of viable tissue substitutes.

This Special Issue will address current limitations and the evolving potential of bioprinting in the creation of multi-material and multi-cellular constructs. Building on recent advancements in bioink formulations and bioprinting hardware, this Special Issue will provide insights into overcoming structural integrity challenges, cellular compatibility, and vascularization, all critical for achieving functional tissue architecture. By emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches, this Special Issue will offer readers a broader perspective on integrating biomaterials science, cell biology, and mechanical engineering principles. This thematic collection will both acknowledge foundational studies using 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering and highlight how new technologies and collaborative approaches are propelling the field toward fabricating scalable tissue constructs for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Dr. Lokesh Narayanan
Dr. Md Ahasan Habib
Dr. Srikanthan Ramesh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D printing
  • bioprinting
  • regenerative medicine
  • scaffolds
  • tissue engineering
  • bioinks
  • vascularization
  • tissue formation
  • biomaterial

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1969 KB  
Article
Biological Impact of Extrusion Bioprinting Nasoseptal Chondrocytes for Tissue Engineering Applications
by Thomas Harry Jovic, Josh Roberts, Feihu Zhao, Shareen Heather Doak and Iain Stuart Whitaker
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(4), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17040163 - 1 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Shear stress is a significant consideration in 3D bioprinting systems, with implications for cell viability and behaviour. This study hypothesised that relevant levels of shear stress would be generated during the process of 3D bioprinting human nasoseptal chondrocytes in a nanocellulose alginate bioink, [...] Read more.
Shear stress is a significant consideration in 3D bioprinting systems, with implications for cell viability and behaviour. This study hypothesised that relevant levels of shear stress would be generated during the process of 3D bioprinting human nasoseptal chondrocytes in a nanocellulose alginate bioink, with implications for cell viability and chondrogenic gene expression. Through a combined approach of in silico modelling and in vitro testing, we assessed chondrocyte viability and gene expression immediately within the first 72 h post-printing. Cell viability was determined using live–dead, alamarBlue and lactate dehydrogenase assays immediately and 24 h post-printing compared to cell-only and unprinted cell–biomaterial controls. Gene expression analysis of Type 2 collagen, SOX9, aggrecan and alkaline phosphatase gene expression was performed 4 h and 72 h post-printing. Computational fluid dynamics predicted a shear stress of 292 Pa and maximum fluid velocity of 19 mm/s during the bioprinting process. No statistically significant cell death or cell lysis was detected between groups immediately post-printing; however, statistically significant chondrocyte cell death was observed at 24 h in the printed group (p = 0.047). Moreover, the bioprinting process evoked a transient initial rise in both chondrogenic (SOX9, aggrecan) and osteogenic gene expression (ALP) with a marked suppression in type 2 collagen expression at 72 h (0.05, p = 0.0005), indicating biological effects evoked by shear stress during printing. This study highlights the importance of optimising the bioprinting process to facilitate low shear stress conditions for durable cartilage tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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18 pages, 2377 KB  
Article
Photo Crosslinkable Hybrid Hydrogels for High Fidelity Direct Write 3D Printing: Rheology, Curing Kinetics, and Bio-Scaffold Fabrication
by Riley Rohauer, Kory Schimmelpfennig, Perrin Woods, Rokeya Sarah, Ahasan Habib and Christopher L. Lewis
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17010030 - 4 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1090
Abstract
This work characterizes hybrid hydrogels prepared via the combination of natural and synthetic polymers. By incorporating a biocompatible compound, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn = 400), into alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based hydrogels, the in situ UV crosslinking of these materials was [...] Read more.
This work characterizes hybrid hydrogels prepared via the combination of natural and synthetic polymers. By incorporating a biocompatible compound, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn = 400), into alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based hydrogels, the in situ UV crosslinking of these materials was assessed. A custom direct-write (DW) 3D bioprinter was utilized to prepare hybrid hydrogel constructs and scaffolds. A control sample, which consisted of 4% w/v alginate and 4% w/v CMC, was prepared and evaluated in addition to three PEGDA (4.5, 6.5, and 10% w/v)-containing hybrid hydrogels. Rotational rheology was utilized to evaluate the thixotropic behavior of these materials. Filament fusion tests were employed to generate bilayer constructs of various pore sizes, providing metrics for the printability and diffusion rate of hydrogels post-extrusion. Printability indicates the shape fidelity of pore geometry, whereas diffusion rate represents material spreading after deposition. Curing kinetics of PEGDA-containing hydrogels were evaluated using photo-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and photorheology. The Kamal model was fitted to photo-DSC results, enabling an assessment and comparison of the curing kinetics for PEGDA-containing hydrogels. Photorheological results highlight the increase in hydrogel stiffness concomitant with PEGDA content. The range of obtained complex moduli (G*) provides utility for the development of brain, kidney, and heart tissue (620–4600 Pa). The in situ UV irradiation of PEGDA-containing hydrogels improved the shape fidelity of printed bilayers and decreased filament diffusion rates. In situ UV irradiation enabled 10-layer scaffolds with 1 × 1 mm pore sizes to be printed. Ultimately, this study highlights the utility of PEGDA-containing hybrid hydrogels for high-resolution DW 3D bioprinting and potential application toward customizable tissue analogs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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Review

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24 pages, 1622 KB  
Review
An Overview of 3D Bioprinting Impact on Cell Viability: From Damage Assessment to Protection Solutions
by Sara Manzoli, Elena Merotto, Martina Piccoli, Pierangelo Gobbo, Silvia Todros and Piero G. Pavan
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(12), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16120436 - 25 Nov 2025
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2210
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a widely exploited tissue engineering technique for producing functional constructs that can mimic and replace native tissues. To this end, different printing strategies can be adopted, including inkjet-based, light-assisted, and extrusion-based bioprinting. Despite the great improvements that these [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a widely exploited tissue engineering technique for producing functional constructs that can mimic and replace native tissues. To this end, different printing strategies can be adopted, including inkjet-based, light-assisted, and extrusion-based bioprinting. Despite the great improvements that these innovative techniques introduce, cell viability maintenance during and after the bioprinting process remains a challenging open question. Indeed, the reduction in cell viability is generally related to several crucial conditions during printing, such as high shear stresses and a nutrient-deficient environment of printed constructs. In this work, the current literature on 3D bioprinting technologies is reviewed, focusing on the level of cell damage that can be imparted during biomaterial printing. In particular, extrusion bioprinting, extrusion-associated shear stress and its impact on cell viability are described in detail. The simulation of the bioprinting process through computational fluid dynamics is proposed as an appropriate method to analyze the parameters involved during bioprinting. Moreover, the viability of cells encapsulated into bioink is discussed, as well as literature techniques aimed at enhancing it by both biomaterial modifications and cell micro-encapsulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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