Dear Colleagues,

Intense exercise is accompanied by exercise-induced muscle damage and its clinical corollary of cumulative muscle damage (DOMS). The injury is itself a mechanical alteration of the sarcomeres, secondary to an inflammatory response. Muscle inflammation, derived from accumulated muscular damage, usually appears 1–2 days after a strong exercise session and/or competition, especially in exercises with a high eccentric component in muscle action, or due to muscle overuse. Acute, intense physical exercise is accompanied by responses that are remarkably similar in many respects to those induced by infection, sepsis, or trauma. There is an increase in the number of circulating leukocytes (mainly lymphocytes and neutrophils), the magnitude of which is related to both the intensity and duration of exercise. There are also increases in plasma concentrations of various substances that influence leukocyte functions, including inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1-receptor antagonist (IL -1ra), and acute phase proteins, including C-reactive protein (CRP). As a consequence of muscle damage and inflammation, alterations and imbalances of the immune system are originated, accompanied by the acute phase response. There are different substances that can act as immunomodulators and that are considered to be potentially active in the prevention or recovery of changes in the immune system associated with competitive sports activity and that can be of great help in muscle recovery and regeneration. In this area, amino acids, minerals, immune system modulators, antioxidants, etc. have been included, many of them of great importance and recognition in the field of sport.

I invite you to share your research results in our Special Issue entitled “Supplementation in Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage”. I would be delighted to receive your studies on muscular damage produced by exercise, and/or use of different supplementary products to decrease, modulate muscle damage, and increase the recovery period.

Prof. Dr. Alfredo Cordova Martinez
Guest Editor

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• Muscular damage
• Inflammation
• Supplementation
• Exercise
• DOMS
• Cytokines
• Immunomodulatory
• Sport