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Acute Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation
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Acute Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 2218

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Francesca Giordana

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Cardiology, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
Interests: acute myocardial infarction; echocardiography; diagnostic coronary angiography; acute heart failure; transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The natural history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been dramatically revolutionized by the introduction of coronary angioplasty at the end of the last century. This has led to a significant reduction of in-hospital mortality for these patients. On the other hand, the percentage of subjects with chronic heart failure (HF) has increased and despite the significant improvement in HF therapy, the rate of new events in the follow-up remains high. There are still many grey zones in this field that deserve to be explored in depth, both from the diagnostic and the therapeutic point of view. The most appropriate management of AMI type 2, the mechanical supports to be preferred in patients with cardiogenic shock, and the way in which to implement rehabilitation programs in the post-acute phase of AMI are just a few examples. Moreover, timely access to care and patient compliance remain critical challenges worldwide.

For these reasons, in this Special Issue, we encourage the submission of state-of-the-heart reviews and/or original articles that focus on this topic of current interest.

Dr. Francesca Giordana
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • acute myocardial infarction
  • coronary angioplasty
  • acute heart failure
  • cardiogenic shock
  • rehabilitation programs

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1397 KB  
Article
Prediction of Cardiogenic Shock in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Using a Nomogram
by Jie Wang, Changying Zhao, Chuqing Yang, Yang Dong, Xiaohong Yang and Chaofeng Sun
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(24), 8789; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14248789 - 12 Dec 2025
Viewed by 109
Abstract
Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with a high mortality rate. Early identification of patients at risk for in-hospital CS is crucial for timely intervention. This study aimed to develop a risk prediction model for CS using [...] Read more.
Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with a high mortality rate. Early identification of patients at risk for in-hospital CS is crucial for timely intervention. This study aimed to develop a risk prediction model for CS using admission data. Methods: This retrospective case–control study included AMI patients and classified them into case and control groups, based on the development of in-hospital CS. Clinical information at admission was obtained and 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed based on age, gender, and diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Factors with p < 0.10 at baseline were incorporated to identify the independent risk factors, which were further used to construct a predictive nomogram. Results: After PSM, 374 patients were finally enrolled in both groups. After relaxed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate logistic regression, independent risk factors identified for CS in AMI patients included systolic blood pressure [odds ratio (OR): 0.866; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.844–0.888, p < 0.001], diastolic blood pressure (OR: 1.031; 95% CI: 1.001–1.063, p = 0.046), triglycerides (OR: 0.561; 95% CI: 0.385–0.820, p = 0.003), creatinine (OR: 1.005; 95% CI: 1.000–1.010, p = 0.048), globulin (OR: 0.915; 95% CI: 0.862–0.972, p = 0.004), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.951; 95% CI: 0.928–0.975, p < 0.001), and coronary angiography (OR: 0.183; 95% CI: 0.058–0574, p = 0.004). The nomogram incorporating these variables demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.937 (95% CI: 0.952–0.967), indicating good discriminatory ability in the calibration curve and decision curve. Conclusions: Seven independent risk factors for CS in AMI patients were identified upon admission. The proposed nomogram might facilitate early risk stratification and guide clinical decision-making to improve outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation)
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Review

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19 pages, 1119 KB  
Review
Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Cardiogenic Shock: A Narrative Review in Light of Recent Evidence
by Vincenzo Paragliola, Marco Gamardella, Luca Franchin, Maurizio Bertaina, Francesco Colombo, Paola Zanini, Salvatore Colangelo, Pierluigi Sbarra, Giacomo Boccuzzi and Mario Iannaccone
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(21), 7731; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217731 - 30 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1822
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex, life-threatening syndrome characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion due to impaired cardiac function. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute decompensated heart failure are the leading causes, with mortality remaining high despite advances in revascularization and supportive care. The [...] Read more.
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex, life-threatening syndrome characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion due to impaired cardiac function. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute decompensated heart failure are the leading causes, with mortality remaining high despite advances in revascularization and supportive care. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) classification allows risk stratification and guides clinical decision making by capturing the spectrum of shock severity. Percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS) devices, such as the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and Impella, aim to stabilize hemodynamics by augmenting cardiac output and unloading the left ventricle. However, randomized trials and meta-analyses have not demonstrated a consistent survival advantage of Impella over IABP, while reporting higher rates of bleeding and vascular complications. Landmark trials, including ECLS-SHOCK and DanGer, have provided conflicting results, likely reflecting differences in baseline severity and timing of device implantation. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (VA-ECMO) offers full cardiopulmonary support but increases left ventricular afterload, potentially worsening myocardial injury. Combined strategies such as ECPELLA (Impella + VA-ECMO) or ECMO + IABP may mitigate left ventricle (LV) overload and improve bridging to recovery or advanced therapies, although evidence remains largely observational and complication rates are considerable. In right-sided or biventricular failure, tailored options (e.g., Impella RP, Bi-Pella) guided by invasive hemodynamics may be required. Current evidence suggests that pMCS benefits are limited to carefully selected subgroups, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis, prompt referral, and individualized intervention. Robust randomized data are still needed to define the optimal role of pMCS in AMI-related CS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation)
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