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Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Complications of Uncommon Cerebrovascular Diseases: Cutting-Edge Clinical Research, Reviews, and Expert Opinions

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2026 | Viewed by 672

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mariel G. Kozberg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Interests: intracerebral hemorrhage; cerebral amyloid angiopathy; ischemic stroke
Dr. Alexis T. Roy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Interests: cerebrovascular disease; quality improvement; acute stroke

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite researchers, clinicians, and experts in the field of cerebrovascular disease to submit original articles for this Special Issue focused on ischemic and hemorrhagic complications of uncommon cerebrovascular diseases. This issue aims to shed light on rare and less-understood conditions that contribute to ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, exploring their underlying causes, diagnostic challenges, novel treatment approaches, and outcomes. As uncommon cerebrovascular diseases often remain under- or misdiagnosed, they represent a critical gap in current cerebrovascular research and clinical practice. Furthermore, their varied presentations and complex pathophysiology present significant challenges for timely diagnosis, intervention, and effective management. By bringing together a wide range of perspectives, we hope to enhance awareness, improve diagnostic accuracy, and drive the development of better therapies. This Special Issue seeks to promote deeper clinical insights and foster collaboration, ultimately advancing our ability to address these often overlooked conditions in both research and patient care.

Dr. Mariel G. Kozberg
Guest Editor

Dr. Alexis T. Roy
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cerebrovascular disease
  • ischemic stroke
  • hemorrhagic stroke
  • genetics
  • vasculopathy
  • headache
  • superficial siderosis
  • vascular malformations

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 674 KB  
Article
When Stroke Strikes Early: Unusual Causes of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults
by Mian Urfy and Mariam Tariq Mir
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(23), 8475; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14238475 - 29 Nov 2025
Viewed by 357
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is primarily a disease of older adults, commonly linked to chronic hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. In young adults, however, ICH is rare and often driven by distinct structural, hematologic, or vascular causes. Methods: Using the National Inpatient [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is primarily a disease of older adults, commonly linked to chronic hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. In young adults, however, ICH is rare and often driven by distinct structural, hematologic, or vascular causes. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample (2016–2022), we identified hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of ICH (ICD-10-CM: I61.x). Patients younger than 18 years were excluded. Patients were stratified into 18–39 vs. ≥40 years. Comorbidities were defined using validated ICD-10 codes (E08–E13 for diabetes mellitus, I10–I15 for hypertension), excluding transient hyperglycemia (R73.x). Weighted analyses using NIS discharge weights compared demographics, comorbidities, rare etiologies, and outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of mortality. Results: Among 76,264 ICH hospitalizations, 4012 (5.3%) occurred in patients < 40 years. Compared with older adults, younger patients had lower prevalence of hypertension (47.8% vs. 84.1%) and diabetes (10.2% vs. 60.4%) but higher rates of substance use (27.7% vs. 15.6%). Rare etiologies were more frequent, including arteriovenous malformation/aneurysm (14.0% vs. 3.6%), Moyamoya disease (1.4% vs. 0.2%), sickle cell disease (1.1% vs. 0.1%), and pregnancy-related ICH (0.05%). In-hospital mortality was lower among young adults (15.7% vs. 21.7%, p < 0.001), though LOS was longer (12.1 vs. 8.7 days, p < 0.001), and mean hospital charges were higher ($228,000 vs. $125,000, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Young-adult ICH is uncommon but etiologically distinct, often associated with vascular malformations, hemoglobinopathies, and substance use. Despite lower mortality, these patients experience longer and more resource-intensive hospitalizations, underscoring a substantial clinical and economic burden. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Complications of Uncommon Cerebrovascular Diseases: Cutting-Edge Clinical Research, Reviews, and Expert Opinions)
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