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Pathological Changes Associated with Congenital COVID-19 Infection
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Pathological Changes Associated with Congenital COVID-19 Infection

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Obstetrics & Gynecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 15021

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Ruano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chair of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Interests: fetal surgery and interventions; fetal ultrasound imaging; prenatal diagnosis; congenital anomalies
Prof. Dr. Gabrielle Tonni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, AUSL di Reggio Emilia, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Clinico Scientifico (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
Interests: prenatal diagnosis; ultrasound; maternal-fetal medicine; high risk pregnancy; doppler ultrasound; intrapartum asphyxia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

On 11 March 2020, the World Health organization (WHO) declared that the disease caused by a novel SARS-CoV-2 virus denominated as COVID-19 was officially a pandemic. At present, more than 1.6 million people have been infected, with more than 100,000 deaths worldwide. The virus is causes, depending on the patient, mild to severe acute respiratory distress, as well as interstitial pneumonia. The pathogenetic pathway of COVID-19 is still under investigation and not fully elucidated, but due to physiological changes to the respiratory and cardiovascular apparatus occurring during pregnancy, we do know that mothers might be at a higher risk compared to the general population. Although vertical transmission of the COVID-19 has rarely been described so far, scanty data have been collected concerning maternal and neonatal complications. To reduce the potential risk of infection to mothers and their fetuses/newborns, a series of general prevention rules ranging from social distancing to hands hygiene and to the use of individual protection devices will herein be reported, as well as the use of different medication strategies, antenatal follow-up, and intrapartum/postpartum management. In this regard, protocols and guidelines developed by governments and international scientific societies will be described and compared.

Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Ruano
Prof. Dr. Gabrielle Tonni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • vertical infection
  • perinatal outcome
  • fetus
  • pregnancy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 549 KiB  
Article
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Maternal Anxiety in Brazil
by Roseli Nomura, Isabela Tavares, Ana Carla Ubinha, Maria Laura Costa, Maria Lucia Opperman, Marianna Brock, Alberto Trapani, Lia Damasio, Nadia Reis, Vera Borges, Alberto Zaconeta, Ana Cristina Araujo, Rodrigo Ruano and BrAPS-COVID Brazilian Anxiety during Pregnancy Study Group in COVID-19
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(4), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040620 - 06 Feb 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3656
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have an effect on maternal anxiety and influence postpartum experience. Objective: To study the prevalence of maternal anxiety in late pregnancy in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and to analyze its association [...] Read more.
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have an effect on maternal anxiety and influence postpartum experience. Objective: To study the prevalence of maternal anxiety in late pregnancy in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and to analyze its association with maternal knowledge and concerns about the pandemic. Methods: This was a national multicenter cross-sectional study performed in 10 different public university hospitals, between 1 June and 31 August 2020, in Brazil. The inclusion criteria were: maternal age more than 18 years; gestational age more than 36 weeks at childbirth; single alive newborn without malformations; and absence of mental disorders. We applied a structured questionnaire to explore the knowledge and concerns about COVID-19. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: Of the 1662 women interviewed, the BAI score in late pregnancy indicated that 13.9% presented moderate and 9.6% severe maternal anxiety. Moderate or severe maternal anxiety was independently associated with the fear of being unaccompanied at childbirth (aOR1.12, 95% CI 1.10–1.35), and independent protective factors were confidence in knowing how to protect oneself from COVID-19 (aOR0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.97) and how to safely breastfeed (aOR0.89, 95% CI 0.83–0.95). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on maternal anxiety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathological Changes Associated with Congenital COVID-19 Infection)
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Review

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19 pages, 1999 KiB  
Review
The Profile of the Obstetric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection According to Country of Origin of the Publication: A Systematic Review of the Literature
by Yolanda Cuñarro-López, Pilar Pintado-Recarte, Ignacio Cueto-Hernández, Concepción Hernández-Martín, María Pilar Payá-Martínez, María del Mar Muñóz-Chápuli, Óscar Cano-Valderrama, Coral Bravo, Julia Bujan, Melchor Álvarez-Mon, Miguel A. Ortega and Juan Antonio De León-Luis
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(2), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020360 - 19 Jan 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3445
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the novel member of coronavirus responsible for the worldwide pandemic COVID-19, affecting all types of people. In this context, established research identified pregnant women as a susceptible group of SARS-CoV-2 infection, although there is still limited data regarding the real impact [...] Read more.
SARS-CoV-2 is the novel member of coronavirus responsible for the worldwide pandemic COVID-19, affecting all types of people. In this context, established research identified pregnant women as a susceptible group of SARS-CoV-2 infection, although there is still limited data regarding the real impact of COVID-19 in this group. With that purpose, we conducted a systematic review describing the maternal-fetal results of pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2, in aim to analyze the profile of the obstetric patients according to the country of origin of the publication. A total of 38 articles were included in this systematic review with 2670 patients from 7 countries, with 20 works published from China (52.6%). We reported significative differences according to the median maternal age, with Spain as the country with the highest age (34.6 years); The percentage of tabaquism; proportion of symptomatic patients in the triage; type of radiological exam (China and France conduct CT scans on all their patients in comparison to the use of chest X-Ray in the rest of the countries studied); percentages of C-sections (83.9% in China; 35.9% Spain, p < 0.001); maternal mortality rate, proportion of patients who need treatments, the use of antivirals, antibiotics, and anticoagulants as well as measurements of the newborns. Perinatal results are favorable in the majority of countries, with very low rates of vertical transmission in the majority of works. The studies collected in this review showed moderate to high index of quality. The different works describe the affectation during the first wave of the pandemic, where the pregnant woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally symptomatic during the third trimester of gestation along with other factors associated with worse prognosis of the disease, such as higher age, body mass index, and further comorbidities developed during pregnancy. In the obstetric patient, proportion of C-sections are elevated together with prematurity, increasing maternal perinatal morbimortality. Differences found between countries could be based on the proper profile of the patient in each region, the period of the pandemic directly affecting how it was managed, and the variations regarding in situ medical attention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathological Changes Associated with Congenital COVID-19 Infection)
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22 pages, 293 KiB  
Review
SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Summary of Current Guidelines
by Kavita Narang, Eniola R. Ibirogba, Amro Elrefaei, Ayssa Teles Abrao Trad, Regan Theiler, Roseli Nomura, Olivier Picone, Mark Kilby, Ramón Escuriet, Anna Suy, Elena Carreras, Gabriele Tonni and Rodrigo Ruano
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(5), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051521 - 18 May 2020
Cited by 49 | Viewed by 7176
Abstract
Since the declaration of the global pandemic of COVID-19 by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020, we have continued to see a steady rise in the number of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, there is still very limited data on the [...] Read more.
Since the declaration of the global pandemic of COVID-19 by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020, we have continued to see a steady rise in the number of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, there is still very limited data on the course and outcomes of this serious infection in a vulnerable population of pregnant patients and their fetuses. International perinatal societies and institutions including SMFM, ACOG, RCOG, ISUOG, CDC, CNGOF, ISS/SIEOG, and CatSalut have released guidelines for the care of these patients. We aim to summarize these current guidelines in a comprehensive review for patients, healthcare workers, and healthcare institutions. We included 15 papers from 10 societies through a literature search of direct review of society’s websites and their journal publications up till 20 April 2020. Recommendations specific to antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum were abstracted from the publications and summarized into Tables. The summary of guidelines for the management of COVID-19 in pregnancy across different perinatal societies is fairly consistent, with some variation in the strength of recommendations. It is important to recognize that these guidelines are frequently updated, as we continue to learn more about the course and impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathological Changes Associated with Congenital COVID-19 Infection)
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