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Safety in Spinal Surgery
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Safety in Spinal Surgery

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "General Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2026) | Viewed by 7217

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Simon B. Roberts

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Guest Editor
Spine Surgery Fellow, Great Ormond Street Hospital, University of Edinburgh, London, UK
Interests: scoliosis; orthopaedic surgery; genetics; spine surgery; traumatology
Dr. Thanos Tsirikos

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Guest Editor
Orthopaedic and Spine Surgeon, Scottish National Deformity Centre, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
Interests: treatment of paediatric spinal deformity; kyphosis; spondylolisthesis; spinal deformity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a pleasure to introduce this Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine focusing on safety in spinal surgery, in particular, the care of patients with spinal deformity. Spinal surgery has the potential to significantly improve patients’ lives through the correction of spinal deformity, the restoration of spinal balance, the relief of pain, and the treatment of serious pathology. Unfortunately, spinal surgery is associated with inherent risks, associated with rare though potentially catastrophic consequences for patients. Surgeons and the multidisciplinary team caring for patients with spinal deformity must make every effort to identify and mitigate against the risks inherent to spinal surgery.

In this Special Issue, we cover current topics on spinal deformity surgery and focus on the management of specific risks. Topics include the optimisation of intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques, correction techniques for idiopathic scoliosis, fusion strategies, growth-friendly instrumentation, the role of navigation and robotic-assisted surgery, cervical spinal deformity, congenital scoliosis, and neuromuscular scoliosis. We hope that the broad scope and specific topics covered in this Special Issue will strengthen the delivery of safe spinal care by the multidisciplinary team for the benefit of our patients. It has been a privilege for us to edit this volume of the Journal of Clinical Medicine and this would not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of all authors and staff at the journal who produce outstanding contributions to the current literature.

Dr. Simon B. Roberts
Dr. Thanos Tsirikos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • spinal surgery
  • patients with spinal deformity
  • inherent risks
  • risk management
  • surgery safety

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

20 pages, 2519 KB  
Review
Current Knowledge of Respiratory Function in Early Onset Scoliosis and the Effect of Its Contemporary Surgical Treatment
by Sai Gautham Balasubramanian, David Fender and Paul Rushton
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(2), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020754 - 16 Jan 2026
Viewed by 683
Abstract
Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS), defined as presenting before 10 years of age, often has a significant adverse impact on pulmonary function, due to a complex interrelationship between the spine, chest, pulmonary structures and their development. Left untreated, EOS leads to premature death, with [...] Read more.
Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS), defined as presenting before 10 years of age, often has a significant adverse impact on pulmonary function, due to a complex interrelationship between the spine, chest, pulmonary structures and their development. Left untreated, EOS leads to premature death, with early fusion surgery to arrest curve progression making little impact on this. To date, the natural history has not been clearly established as compounded by the heterogeneity of pathologies, causing EOS and challenges in objective measurements of pulmonary function in this young age group. A desire to address this poor natural history has motivated interest in pursuing ‘growth friendly’ surgical strategies. The implants used have evolved with time, often to address compromises and poor results, with multiple options now available based on treatment principles (distraction, compression, or guided growth systems). The aims of such strategies are to control the structural spinal deformity, whilst allowing spinal and thoracic growth, with the seemingly reasonable expectation that this will result in improved pulmonary function and avoidance of premature death. Most studies have focused on radiological outcome measures such as Cobb angle and thoracic height to gauge the success of surgery, with these measures acting as surrogate markers of improved pulmonary outcome. This assumption, however, is not supported by more recent clinical data which has attempted to assess directly the pulmonary outcomes associated with growth-friendly surgical strategies. This literature review therefore sets out to characterise the effect of EOS on pulmonary function and to critically analyse the impact surgical treatment options will have while addressing this. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety in Spinal Surgery)
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30 pages, 7663 KB  
Review
Techniques of Deformity Correction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis—A Narrative Review of the Existing Literature
by Aakash Jain, Kaustubh Ahuja, Simon B. Roberts and Athanasios I. Tsirikos
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2396; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072396 - 31 Mar 2025
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6076
Abstract
Surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis [AIS] is a complex undertaking with the primary goals to correct the deformity, maintain sagittal balance, preserve pulmonary function, maximize postoperative function, and improve or at least not harm the function of the lumbar spine. The evolution [...] Read more.
Surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis [AIS] is a complex undertaking with the primary goals to correct the deformity, maintain sagittal balance, preserve pulmonary function, maximize postoperative function, and improve or at least not harm the function of the lumbar spine. The evolution of surgical techniques for AIS has been remarkable, transitioning from rudimentary methods of spinal correction to highly refined, biomechanically sound procedures. Modern techniques incorporate advanced three-dimensional correction strategies, often leveraging pedicle screw constructs, which provide superior rotational control of the vertebral column. A number of surgical techniques have been described in the literature, each having its own pros and cons. This narrative review provides a detailed analysis of the contemporary surgical techniques used in the treatment of patients with AIS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety in Spinal Surgery)
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