Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
5.7
3.0
Journals
JCM
Special Issues
Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment
share announcement

Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2025 | Viewed by 3540

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alfred A. Simental

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Interests: thyroid cancer; thyroid and parathyroid surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid disease and nodules are exceedingly common, and technology has led the forefront in the recent evaluation, diagnosis, and management of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound has largely been responsible for this wave, but new research and the application of molecular analysis and cytopathology education have streamlined the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Long-term follow-up of thyroid cancer has also allowed clinicians and researchers to accurately predict which patients are best treated conservatively and which are treated more aggressively. While techniques such as radiofrequency ablation have offered some opportunity for nodule management, surgery remains the mainstay of the treatment of thyroid cancer. This may range from simple lobectomy to advanced resection of the laryngeal, esophageal, and tracheal structures with acceptable outcomes. We wish to provide the reader with an institutional overview of current diagnosis and management techniques.

Dr. Alfred A. Simental
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thyroid nodule
  • thyroid ultrasound
  • radiofrequency ablation
  • molecular analysis
  • thyroid surgery

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review, Other

14 pages, 1106 KiB  
Article
Impact of American Thyroid Association’s Revised Cancer Management Guidelines on Thyroid Cancer Incidence Trends: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2000–2020
by Pierre Fwelo, Natalia I. Heredia, Ruosha Li, Ayrton Bangolo, Vignesh K. Nagesh, Simcha Weissman and Xianglin L. Du
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14010028 - 25 Dec 2024
Viewed by 838
Abstract
Background: The past four decades have seen a steady increase in thyroid cancer in the United States (US). This study investigated the impact of the American Thyroid Association (ATA)’s revised cancer management guidelines on thyroid cancer incidence trends and how the trends varied [...] Read more.
Background: The past four decades have seen a steady increase in thyroid cancer in the United States (US). This study investigated the impact of the American Thyroid Association (ATA)’s revised cancer management guidelines on thyroid cancer incidence trends and how the trends varied by socioeconomic, histologic, geographic, and racial and ethnic characteristics from 2000 to 2020. Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify thyroid cancer cases diagnosed among US patients between 2000 and 2020. We employed joinpoint regression software to fit, assess, and compare thyroid cancer incidence trends over time stratified by socioeconomic status (SES), histologic type, geographic location, and race/ethnicity. Results: Between 2000 and 2009, there was an average annual increase of 5.8% in thyroid cancer incidence (average annual percent change (AAPC): 5.8, p < 0.05). Subsequently, there was a modest rise (AAPC: 1.1, p < 0.05) from 2010 to 2015, followed by a significant annual decrease of 4.8% from 2016 to 2020 (AAPC: −4.8, p < 0.05). The joinpoint regression models identified prominent inflection points around 2009 and 2015, aligning with the years of the ATA’s cancer management revisions. These intricate dynamics in thyroid cancer incidence trends from 2000 to 2020 were shaped by SES and histologic, geographic, and racial/ethnic factors. Conclusions: Thyroid cancer incidence trends over the past two decades can be partially explained by the changes in thyroid cancer screening and management recommendations. These findings underscore the importance of cancer management strategies and highlight the need for targeted interventions to address disparities in thyroid cancer incidence across minority demographic groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

19 pages, 298 KiB  
Review
Mutational Landmarks in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Perspective of a New Treatment Strategy
by Janice Pakkianathan, Celina R. Yamauchi, Luiza Barseghyan, Joseph Cruz, Alfred A. Simental and Salma Khan
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 2898; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14092898 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 312
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the rarest and most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, marked by a poor prognosis and resistance to conventional treatments. Like many malignancies, ATC has a complex genetic landscape, with numerous mutations driving tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. [...] Read more.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the rarest and most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, marked by a poor prognosis and resistance to conventional treatments. Like many malignancies, ATC has a complex genetic landscape, with numerous mutations driving tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. However, recent advances in molecular research have expanded our understanding of these genetic alterations, paving the way for new targeted treatment strategies. Currently, therapies targeting specific genetic mutations, such as BRAF and MEK, show promise, but their effectiveness is limited to patients harboring these mutations. To explore broader therapeutic possibilities, we conducted a comprehensive literature review using the PubMed database and Google to identify studies on key genetic mutations in ATC. By leveraging these molecular insights, we aim to highlight potential therapeutic avenues that could enhance treatment options and improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment)
12 pages, 906 KiB  
Review
The Unappreciated Value of a Cheap, ‘Good Enough’ Method of Detecting Thyroid Cancer
by Salvatore Sciacchitano, Massimo Rugge and Armando Bartolazzi
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(23), 7290; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237290 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 861
Abstract
The advent of advanced molecular diagnostic techniques has revealed plenty of information about signaling pathways and gene regulation in cancer, as well as new inputs for the classification of cancer subtypes, diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to therapy. However, in most cases [...] Read more.
The advent of advanced molecular diagnostic techniques has revealed plenty of information about signaling pathways and gene regulation in cancer, as well as new inputs for the classification of cancer subtypes, diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to therapy. However, in most cases we do not have single biomarkers yet and, therefore, the final diagnosis is often rendered by the combination of multiple results by means of complex algorithms, eventually leading to an increase in their costs. The problem of the costs of such tests is particularly relevant in the case of thyroid cancer (TC), because of the observed increase in the number of patients affected by thyroid nodules (TN)s, in what is considered a global pandemic. High-income countries can afford the cost of the advanced molecular tests for such a multitude of TNs, since they are covered by private insurances. People living in upper-middle, lower-middle, and especially in low-income countries, where the costs for these advanced molecular tests are supported by general taxation and out-of-pocket payments, are exposed as a personal financial burden. Immunohistochemistry in cancer management represents an extremely cost-effective method in different clinical scenarios. In the preoperative recognition of TC, the use of such method, based on Galectin-3 and others protein markers, such as HMBE1, proved to be effective in diagnosing TC in TNs indeterminate at conventional cytology (Bethesda classification III or IV), with an extremely low cost. Moreover, Galectin-3 fulfills one of the major criteria of an ideal marker, being involved in the thyroid cell transformation. Despite this evidence, Galectin-3 ThyroTest is not considered and not even mentioned in many reviews, focused on the appropriate identification of TC, as well as in studies where the cost-effectiveness of the different approaches is comparatively evaluated. The aim of this review is to emphasize the value of the Galectin-3 based immunohistochemistry as a cheap and “good enough” method in the preoperative diagnosis of TC especially in, but not limited to, low-middle income countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

13 pages, 571 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review
by Calin Muntean, Adelaida Solomon, Remus Calin Cipaian, Razvan Constantin Vonica, Anca Butuca, Vasile Gaborean, Ionut Flaviu Faur and Catalin Vladut Ionut Feier
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(2), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020338 - 8 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1001
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Anlotinib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor targeting angiogenesis and tumor proliferation pathways, has shown promising efficacy in various cancers. Its role in treating thyroid cancer, particularly radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Anlotinib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor targeting angiogenesis and tumor proliferation pathways, has shown promising efficacy in various cancers. Its role in treating thyroid cancer, particularly radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), is of significant clinical interest. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anlotinib in patients with thyroid cancer, analyzing outcomes such as progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), response rates, and adverse events. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to October 2023. The review included randomized controlled trials and prospective studies assessing Anlotinib in thyroid cancer patients. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Six studies involving a total of 277 patients were included. In patients with RAIR-DTC, Anlotinib demonstrated significant improvement in median PFS and objective response rates. In advanced or metastatic MTC, Anlotinib significantly prolonged median PFS compared to placebo, with high objective response rates. Subgroup analyses showed that older patients and those with bone metastases benefited significantly from Anlotinib treatment. In patients with ATC, Anlotinib-based chemotherapy yielded a 60% objective response rate. Anlotinib was also effective as neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced thyroid cancer, achieving an objective response rate of 76.9%. Common adverse events included hypertension, proteinuria, and palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, which were generally manageable. Conclusions: Anlotinib appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with various types of thyroid cancer, providing significant improvements in PFS and objective response rates. Further large-scale randomized studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to explore long-term outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-4
Back to TopTop