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Clinical Updates on Prenatal Diagnosis

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Obstetrics & Gynecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1503

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
Interests: prenatal diagnosis; fetal ultrasoud; genetic testing; twin pregnancy; fetal anomalies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past few years, improvements in research and technological advancements have significantly enhanced our knowledge in prenatal diagnosis. Today, many congenital anomalies could be diagnosed early in the first trimester thanks to improvements in screening tests. Genome sequencing has been shown to be a powerful diagnostic tool in guiding medical management and parental decision making. Advances in fetal therapy have enabled us to prevent and treat some fetal critical conditions, improving postnatal outcomes. Therefore, this Special Issue is intended to review, in detail, a wide variety of recently developed methods of prenatal diagnosis and fetal therapy. I am pleased to invite you to submit your works to advance management in prenatal diagnosis. We welcome a diverse range of contributions, in particular on these topics:

  • Anomalies in first trimester ultrasound;
  • Non-invasive prenatal testing;
  • Fetal malformations;
  • Twin pregnancy;
  • In utero surgery.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Valentina D'Ambrosio
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fetal anomalies
  • twin pregnancy
  • fetal therapy
  • prenatal genetic testing
  • genome sequencies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 235 KB  
Article
Smoking and Alcohol During Pregnancy: Effects on Fetal and Neonatal Health—A Pilot Study
by Martina Derme, Marco Fiore, Maria Grazia Piccioni, Marika Denotti, Valentina D’Ambrosio, Silvia Francati, Ilenia Mappa and Giuseppe Rizzo
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 7023; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14197023 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Alcohol and smoking during pregnancy may be associated with several complications, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress induced by smoking and alcohol during pregnancy and their effects [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Alcohol and smoking during pregnancy may be associated with several complications, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress induced by smoking and alcohol during pregnancy and their effects on fetal and neonatal outcomes. Material and methods: We considered pregnant women at term. Validated questionnaires were used to investigate smoking and alcohol habits. Ultrasound was performed to evaluate fetal weight, amniotic fluid index, and maternal-fetal Doppler velocimetry. At the time of delivery, we collected a tuft of maternal hair, maternal venous blood, and cord blood. In these samplings we determined in phase I nicotine, cotinine, and ethyl glucuronide on the maternal keratin matrix with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. In phase II, the Free Oxygen Radicals Test (FORT) and Free Oxygen Radical Defense (FORD) test were used to assess circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results: 119 pregnant patients were enrolled (n = 62 for smoking and n = 57 for alcohol). Twenty-six patients (42%) out of 62 were active smokers. Three patients (5%) out of 57 were alcoholic consumers. Mean neonatal weight and mean placental weight were significantly lower for active smokers (p = 0.0001). The neonatal weight was in the 1st–2nd percentile for all alcohol abusers. Considering two subgroups (n = 10 non-smokers and n = 10 smokers) for ROS determination, a statistically significant higher oxidative stress in the blood of smoking patients was evidenced (p < 0.0001). In cord blood the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.2216). Conclusions: Fetal growth restriction was present in the group of active smokers and in patients with alcohol abuse. Oxidative stress was higher in smoking patients than in non-smokers. However, in cord blood, FORT was negative in all cases, suggesting a protective mechanism in utero. Given the limited sample size, the results obtained are preliminary and require future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Updates on Prenatal Diagnosis)
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