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Pediatric Urology: How to Adapt Current Knowledge to the New Era

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2026) | Viewed by 2945

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Simona Gerocarni Nappo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pediatric Urology Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
Interests: pediatric surgery; pediatric urology; minimally invasive surgery; laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery; reconstructive urologic surgery; congenital genitourinary anomalies
Dr. Elisa Cerchia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pediatric Urology Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
Interests: pediatric surgery; pediatric urology; minimally invasive surgery; laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery; telemedicine; reconstructive urologic surgery; congenital genitourinary anomalies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to collect scientific articles reviewing advances in pediatric urology and perspectives for optimizing pediatric patient care. With the integration of new technologies, advanced surgical techniques, multidisciplinary approaches and new insights in genetics, pediatric urology is a rapidly evolving discipline. The articles included in this Special Issue provide a comprehensive overview of the most important innovations in the field of pre-operative diagnostics, including the surgical planning of complex oncological cases, the optimization of the outpatient management of urological patients with chronic diseases, such as patients with neurogenic bladder diseases, the development of new minimally invasive surgical approaches for the treatment of congenital pathologies, urinary stones, tumors, and the importance of telementoring for the enhanced surgical management of complex clinical cases. The editorial examines the achievements of the past and looks to the future, highlighting areas where research is expanding, including the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to improve diagnosis and surgical planning. It aims to provide readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date view of an industry that is rapidly redefining standards of care, with the goal of improving the quality of life and long-term well-being of young patients.

Dr. Simona Gerocarni Nappo
Dr. Elisa Cerchia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric urology
  • telemedicine
  • telesurgery
  • artificial intelligence
  • 3D-models
  • congenital urinary diseases
  • pediatric oncology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1211 KB  
Article
Minimally Invasive Mitrofanoff in Children: Versatile Laparoscopic Strategies—From Low-Resource to Non-Robotic High-Cost Settings in an Exploratory Case Series
by Elisa Cerchia, Marta Serpentino, Viet Nguyen Duy, Lorenzo Cirigliano, Massimo Catti, Elena Ruggiero, Quang Thanh Nguyen, Paolo Caione and Simona Gerocarni Nappo
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(5), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15051954 - 4 Mar 2026
Viewed by 1059
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy (MAV) is the gold standard for creating a continent catheterizable channel in children unable to perform clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) through the native urethra. Minimally invasive surgery has progressively replaced open techniques in pediatric urology, offering improved recovery [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy (MAV) is the gold standard for creating a continent catheterizable channel in children unable to perform clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) through the native urethra. Minimally invasive surgery has progressively replaced open techniques in pediatric urology, offering improved recovery and favorable cosmetic outcomes, and robotic-assisted Mitrofanoff has gained popularity in recent years. However, the high costs and limited availability of robotic systems create disparities in access to pediatric urologic reconstruction, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In this context, the laparoscopic Mitrofanoff (MAV-L) and the laparoscopic-assisted Mitrofanoff (MAV-LA) represent practical, cost-effective alternatives, valuable in institutions without robotic platforms or in resource-limited settings. Recent evidence demonstrates that advanced laparoscopic approaches remain feasible even for complex urological procedures, supporting their continued relevance in the robotic era. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series including seven male children (aged 9–12 years) who underwent MAV between 2018 and 2023. Peri-operative data included demographics, operative time, length of hospitalization, and complications. Functional and aesthetic outcomes were assessed during long-term follow-up. Statistical analysis accounted for the small sample size by using non-parametric tests where appropriate. Results: Three patients (43%) underwent MAV-L and four (57%) MAV-LA. Mean operative time appeared longer in MAV-L (273.3 ± 20.5 min) than in MAV-LA (203.8 ± 24.3 min; exploratory p = 0.019). Hospital stay was 9 ± 0.8 days vs. 7.5 ± 0.5 days (p = 0.026). During follow-up (43.3 ± 10.9 vs. 26.3 ± 5.4 months; p = 0.034), two complications occurred, both in the MAV-L group (stomal stenosis and channel leakage). All patients reported excellent continence, ease of catheterization, and high cosmetic satisfaction. Conclusions: Both laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted Mitrofanoff techniques are safe, feasible, and effective in children. Favorable cosmetic satisfaction was reported in the fully laparoscopic subgroup, based on subjective assessment. Importantly, these laparoscopic techniques are sustainable alternatives to robotic surgery, offering accessibility and high-quality reconstructive care even in centers with limited financial and technological resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Urology: How to Adapt Current Knowledge to the New Era)
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10 pages, 961 KB  
Article
Robot-Assisted Extravesical Ureteral Reimplantation (RALUR-EV) in Children: Initial Single-Center Experience at a Public Tertiary-Care Hospital in Ecuador
by Giancarlo Sánchez-Salazar, Juan Cruz-Álvarez, Pablo Guamán-Ludeña, Alice Gaibor-Pazmiño, Esteban Ortiz-Prado and Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(22), 8120; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228120 - 17 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1008
Abstract
Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a frequent pediatric urological anomaly associated with recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scarring. Evidence on robot-assisted extravesical ureteral reimplantation (RALUR-EV) continues to grow; however, reports from Latin America remain limited. Objectives: We report an initial [...] Read more.
Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a frequent pediatric urological anomaly associated with recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scarring. Evidence on robot-assisted extravesical ureteral reimplantation (RALUR-EV) continues to grow; however, reports from Latin America remain limited. Objectives: We report an initial single-center experience with transperitoneal RALUR-EV (Lich–Gregoir) in a public pediatric hospital in Ecuador, detailing operative metrics, perioperative outcomes, and short-term radiographic efficacy using standardized definitions. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted at a public tertiary referral center in Quito (January 2021–May 2025). Consecutive children (0–17 years) with VUR or ureterovesical junction (UVJ) obstruction who underwent RALUR-EV with the Lich Gregoir technique were included. The primary outcome was radiographic resolution of VUR at 3–6 months on voiding cystourethrogram. Secondary outcomes were operative times (total, console, docking), length of stay, postoperative UTI (culture-confirmed), and complications (Clavien–Dindo). Analyses were descriptive; success was reported as both evaluable-only and intention-to-treat (ITT). The study received institutional ethics approval. Results: Nine children were included (median age 4.4 years; 5 girls). Eight had VUR (5 unilateral, 3 bilateral); one had isolated UVJ obstruction. Procedures were left-sided in 7 cases and right-sided in 2. Median total operative time was 135 min (IQR 129–153); median console and docking times were 120 and 15 min, respectively. No intraoperative complications or conversions occurred. Median length of stay was 4 days (IQR 3–4). Two culture-confirmed postoperative UTIs occurred (2/9; Clavien II); no complications ≥ III were observed. Postoperative imaging was available in 6/9 cases (66.7%): radiographic resolution was 6/6 (100%) overall and 5/5 (100%) among VUR-only. ITT success was 6/9 (66.7%) overall and 5/8 (62.5%) for VUR-only. Conclusions: Transperitoneal RALUR-EV is feasible and safe in a public tertiary setting, with early effectiveness comparable to international series. Standardized pathways, structured follow-up, and multicenter collaboration are warranted to confirm durability and support broader regional adoption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Urology: How to Adapt Current Knowledge to the New Era)
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