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Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
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Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 7810

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francisco José Navarro-Triviño

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Contact Eczema and Immunoallergic Diseases, Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
Interests: mechanisms of immunopathology in allergic contact dermatitis; new diagnostic approaches for ACD; emerging allergens and their clinical relevance; genetic and epigenetic factors influencing susceptibility to ACD; comorbidities associated with ACD (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis); role of microbiome in ACD pathogenesis; advances in patch testing techniques and interpretation; occupational and environmental risk factors for ACD; innovations in prevention and management strategies; biomarkers for prognosis and monitoring in ACD; impact of ACD on quality of life and psychosocial health; emerging therapeutic targets and novel treatments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ricardo Ruíz-Villaverde

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dermatology Department, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
Interests: atopic dermatitis; topical treatment; systemic treatment; biological therapy; JAK inhibitors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Advances in the discovery of new therapeutic targets have facilitated the development of molecules with therapeutic potential. The reality is that there is a therapeutic paradigm shift in atopic dermatitis. It is necessary to stay updated in relation to the results observed in real clinical practice experience. It is also necessary to learn about new clinical trials and new potentially therapeutic molecules. Biological therapy promises new additions, such as nemolizumab or lebrikizumab. Currently, new JAK inhibitors are being studied, although no new ones appear to be incorporated in the near future. This Special Issue, titled Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis, will attempt to cover any potentially useful treatments in this disease.

Dr. Francisco José Navarro-Triviño
Dr. Ricardo Ruíz-Villaverde
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atopic dermatitis
  • eczema
  • topical treatment
  • systemic treatment
  • biological therapy
  • JAK inhibitor
  • antipruritic treatment

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 270 KiB  
Article
Comparative Real-World Analysis of Baseline Demographic Characteristics and Comorbidities in Atopic Dermatitis Patients Initiating Biologics Versus JAK Inhibitors
by Alvaro Prados-Carmona, Francisco J. Navarro-Triviño, Husein Husein-ElAhmed and Ricardo Ruiz-Villaverde
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(4), 1291; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041291 - 15 Feb 2025
Viewed by 702
Abstract
Background: Systemic advanced therapies, including biologic drugs and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, have revolutionized atopic dermatitis management. The increasing number of available options for such complex diseases demands careful treatment selection for each patient, considering numerous variables. Comparative analyses of these treatment [...] Read more.
Background: Systemic advanced therapies, including biologic drugs and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, have revolutionized atopic dermatitis management. The increasing number of available options for such complex diseases demands careful treatment selection for each patient, considering numerous variables. Comparative analyses of these treatment modalities in the real world are still limited. Only a faithful basal characterization would enable posterior meaningful and accurate comparisons of the efficacy and safety profiles of these groups of drugs. This communication focuses on describing and comparing the baseline demographics and comorbidities of patients with atopic dermatitis currently treated with biologic therapies versus JAK inhibitors in our setting. Methods: We conducted an observational, descriptive, and ambispective study across three hospitals covering a population of over 500,000 inhabitants from January 2019 to December 2024. Baseline demographic data, anthropometric measures, lifestyle factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidities were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Additionally, basal severity and effectivity over time have also been compared. Results: A total of 150 patients were analyzed. A total of 102 had received biological therapies (dupilumab or tralokinumab), whereas 48 patients had received JAK inhibitors (upadacitinib, baricitinib, or abrocitinib). Ages ranged from 11 to 76 years. The overall cohort had a mean age of 35.87 ± 14.37 years and a male predominance (male-to-female ratio 1.63:1). Hypertension was more prevalent in the JAK inhibitors group (p = 0.0175), yet other cardiovascular risk factors, body measurements, atopic and non-atopic comorbidities, and disease severity were comparable across both groups. Conclusions: This study helped to characterize the baseline characteristics of patients treated with advanced systemic therapies in a real-world clinical setting. It pointed to just slight differences between the profiles of patients treated with biologics versus JAK inhibitors. This homogeneity in baseline characteristics sets the ground for further future comparisons of treatment outcomes in this cohort as potential confounding factors related to group imbalances are minimized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis)
10 pages, 1774 KiB  
Article
Managing the Overlap: Therapeutic Approaches in Patients with Concomitant Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis—A Case Series
by Maria Beatrice de Felici del Giudice, Giorgia Ravaglia, Marco Brusasco and Francesca Satolli
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(3), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030796 - 25 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1130
Abstract
Introduction: Psoriasis (PSO) and atopic dermatitis (AD) have traditionally been considered distinct diseases, respectively, mediated by T-helper 1 (Th1) and the T-helper 2 (Th2) immune pathway. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence highlighting an overlap between the [...] Read more.
Introduction: Psoriasis (PSO) and atopic dermatitis (AD) have traditionally been considered distinct diseases, respectively, mediated by T-helper 1 (Th1) and the T-helper 2 (Th2) immune pathway. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence highlighting an overlap between the two conditions, such as Asian AD, pediatric PSO, or “psoriasis dermatitis/PSOREMA”. Moreover, psoriasis dermatitis can be induced by therapeutic interventions. For instance, anti-IL-4/IL-13 monoclonal antibodies, commonly used to treat AD, can induce psoriasiform reactions by inhibiting the Th2 pathway, thereby unmasking Th1/Th17-driven PSO. Conversely, anti-TNFα and anti-IL-17 therapies, effective for PSO, may induce eczematous reactions promoting a switch toward Th2-driven inflammation. Janus Kinase Inhibitors (JAK-i) and IL-23 antagonists may represent valid therapeutic options for managing psoriasis dermatitis. JAK-i exert broader immunomodulatory effects, inhibiting both Th1 and Th2 pathways; however, they require careful monitoring due to potential adverse events. In contrast, IL-23 antagonists specifically suppress the IL-23/IL-17 axis inhibiting the p19 subunit of IL-23 and could represent a safer option for patients with psoriasis dermatitis. Materials and Methods/Results: We present a series of five cases of psoriasis dermatitis, including both patients who had the condition from the onset and those who developed it during treatment, with tailored therapeutic strategies based on individual patient profiles, comorbidities, and the specific characteristics of their overlapping disease presentation. Conclusion: JAK-i and IL-23 antagonists are both valid therapeutic options for managing psoriasis dermatitis, but with different immunomodulatory effects and safety profiles. Future research should focus on a better understanding of the immune pathway and identifying specific biomarkers of psoriasis dermatitis, to optimize therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis)
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Review

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18 pages, 2242 KiB  
Review
The Supporting Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis Treatment
by Michał Zwoliński, Adrian Hovagimyan, Jakub Ignatowicz, Marta Stelmasiak, Aneta Lewicka, Justyna Bień-Kalinowska, Barbara J. Bałan and Sławomir Lewicki
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3138; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093138 (registering DOI) - 1 May 2025
Abstract
Over the past decades, atopic diseases have emerged as a growing global health concern. The Global Report on Atopic Dermatitis 2022 estimated that approximately 223 million people worldwide were living with atopic dermatitis in 2022, with around 43 million being children or adolescents. [...] Read more.
Over the past decades, atopic diseases have emerged as a growing global health concern. The Global Report on Atopic Dermatitis 2022 estimated that approximately 223 million people worldwide were living with atopic dermatitis in 2022, with around 43 million being children or adolescents. The financial burden associated with the treatment of this condition poses a significant challenge for both healthcare systems and patients. The current therapeutic approach for atopic diseases primarily focuses on symptomatic management, aiming to mitigate the effects of an overactive immune system. The most widely used treatments include topical or systemic corticosteroids, which suppress inflammation, and emollients, which help restore the skin barrier function. However, prolonged corticosteroid use is associated with adverse effects, including impaired immune response and reduced ability to combat external and internal threats. Consequently, there is a growing interest in developing alternative therapeutic strategies for managing atopic dermatitis. Among these emerging treatments, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) appears particularly promising. HBOT has a beneficial effect on the vascular and immune systems, which results in improved functioning of tissues and organs. This therapy has demonstrated efficacy in promoting wound healing, particularly in conditions such as thermal burns and diabetic foot ulcers. Given these properties, HBOT is being tested as a potential adjunctive therapy for atopic dermatitis and other allergy-related diseases. In this paper, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the application of HBOT in the treatment of atopic and immune-mediated conditions, with a focus on its immunomodulatory and regenerative effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis)
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23 pages, 1745 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Biologics in Phase III and IV Clinical Trials for Atopic Dermatitis
by Katarzyna Waligóra-Dziwak, Aleksandra Dańczak-Pazdrowska and Dorota Jenerowicz
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(14), 4001; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144001 - 9 Jul 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5180
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin condition characterized by significant challenges and a substantial deterioration in the life quality for affected patients. The therapeutic landscape for AD has witnessed a transformative shift with the emergence of biologic therapies. Our focus centers on biologics [...] Read more.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin condition characterized by significant challenges and a substantial deterioration in the life quality for affected patients. The therapeutic landscape for AD has witnessed a transformative shift with the emergence of biologic therapies. Our focus centers on biologics currently undergoing phase III and IV clinical trials, deeming them to hold the highest potential for significant clinical relevance. To identify biologic drugs under development in phase III and IV clinical trials, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov. Additional relevant trials were identified through JapicCTI/ Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) with a citation search. A search in MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed. There have been 76 clinical trials identified concerning biologic drugs: dupilumab (34 trials), lebrikizumab (14 trials), tralokinumab (10 trials), rocatinlimab (7 trials), amlitelimab (2 trials), nemolizumab (6 trials), MG-K10 (1 trial), CM310 (1 trial), 611 (1 trial). A search in MEDLINE revealed 132 articles concerning phase III and IV clinical trials for AD treatment. A total of 39 articles concerned biologic drugs covering 23 clinical trials. A search in EMBASE revealed 268 relevant articles, allowing us to identify results of an additional six clinical trials. The safety and efficacy of these biologics are comprehensively addressed in this review. This comprehensive review aims to explore the current landscape of biologic therapies for AD, delving into the latest research findings, clinical trial outcomes, and the diverse mechanisms of action employed by these novel interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis)
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