Recent Advances in Endocrine Surgery

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "General Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 8263

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo, Italy
Interests: endocrine surgery; thyroid; thyroid cancer; thyroid diseases; surgical oncology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Endocrine surgery has evolved rapidly in little more than three decades from a super-speciality cared for with special attention by a few general surgeons to a truly autonomous branch. The great fascination of endocrine surgery lies in the complexity of the metabolic mechanisms discussed among surgeons, endocrinologists, oncologists, and nuclear physicians, and in the aptitudes of particular precision that it requires. There is also a growing interest in the more advanced technological applications that find their way into endocrine surgery. The aim of this Special Issue is to update the knowledge on the pathogenesis and clinical management of endocrine diseases. Particular emphasis will be placed on recent technological advances that, especially in recent years, have significantly improved outcomes. We welcome scientists with expertise in the subject to contribute relevant articles to this Special Issue. We welcome clinical, experimental, and review studies that improve the knowledge in the field of endocrine surgery, providing our readers with an up-to-date overview on thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal surgery. We also encourage the submission of contributions in the field of neuroendocrine disorders of hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal tract.

Dr. Gregorio Scerrino
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • endocrine surgery
  • thyroid
  • thyroid cancer
  • parathyroid
  • parathyroidectomy
  • adrenal glands
  • disorders of hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal tract

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 859 KiB  
Article
Robotic Adrenalectomy and Clevidipine: A New Frontier in Pheochromocytoma Management Preliminary Study
by Nunzia Cinzia Paladino, Carole Guérin, Anderson Loundou, Nancy Domato, Cedric Atondeh, David Taïeb and Frédéric Sebag
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(4), 1103; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041103 - 9 Feb 2025
Viewed by 620
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma presents a risk due to catecholamine discharge, leading to perioperative hemodynamic instability and potential fatality. Recommendations stress surgical caution and care in referral centers. Laparoscopic and robotic adrenalectomy advancements have decreased perioperative risks, with robotic access deemed advantageous for [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma presents a risk due to catecholamine discharge, leading to perioperative hemodynamic instability and potential fatality. Recommendations stress surgical caution and care in referral centers. Laparoscopic and robotic adrenalectomy advancements have decreased perioperative risks, with robotic access deemed advantageous for larger tumors. This study aimed to assess if surgical technique and a new clevidipine-based perioperative protocol could improve hemodynamic stability. Methods: All robotic adrenalectomies treated in recent years (50) were included (Group A). A control group of 50 laparoscopic adrenalectomies (Group B) was also included. Results: In Group A, 7 patients had a BMI > 30 (14%), and 20 patients (40%) had pheochromocytomas > 5 cm in size. During surgery, 22 patients (44%) had systolic blood pressure/SBP ≥ 160 mmHg, and 18 patients (36%) had heart rate/HR ≥ 110 bpm. A total of 44 patients (88%) were treated perioperatively with clevidipine, 32 (64%) required amines perioperatively, and 8 (16%) did not require transfer to intensive care. In Group B, 2 patients had BMI > 30 (4%), 12 (24%) had pheochromocytomas > 5 cm in size, 35 (70%) had SBP ≥ 160 mmHg, 16 patients (32%) had HR ≥ 110 bpm, 23 (46%) patients required amines perioperatively, and all were transferred to intensive care after surgery. In addition, 11 (22%) patients were treated with clevidipine. In both groups, MAP < 60 mmHg was equivalent (62% vs. 60%). Conclusions: The clevidipine-based protocol, combined with robotic adrenalectomy, notably for larger tumors, potentially improves perioperative hemodynamic stability, reducing postoperative intensive care needs. This combination could represent an advancement in managing those patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Endocrine Surgery)
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15 pages, 2736 KiB  
Article
Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Carotid Triangle: An Effective Method for Monitoring the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
by Alfredo Traba, Angela de Abreu, Clara Nevado, Hipólito Duran, Antonio Gil, María Pérez Seoane, Laura Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel A. Ortega, Melchor Álvarez-Mon, Pedro Martin, Juan San Roman and Raul Díaz-Pedrero
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010102 - 24 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1576
Abstract
Objective: Our objective is the description of the technique of vagus nerve stimulation in carotid triangle in order to monitor the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Methods: We stimulated the vagus nerve in the carotid triangle during 150 thyroid [...] Read more.
Objective: Our objective is the description of the technique of vagus nerve stimulation in carotid triangle in order to monitor the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Methods: We stimulated the vagus nerve in the carotid triangle during 150 thyroid or parathyroid surgeries using a monopolar electromyography electrode inserted under the mastoid process towards the jugular foramen as a cathode, and using another subdermal electrode in the mastoid as an anode. Another complementary method of vagus stimulation was achieved with a pair of subdermal electrodes, placing the cathode at the mandibular angle and the anode at the mastoid. Results: In all patients, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was recorded in the vocal cords with both stimulation techniques, allowing semi-continuous monitoring to be carried out. Intraoperative lesions were detected in 16 of the cases; 9 of them were transient with CMAP recovery achieved when modifying surgical maneuvers. Conclusions: Vagus nerve stimulation in the carotid triangle is a reliable technique for monitoring the RLN in thyroid surgery. Vagus nerve stimulation in the carotid triangle is effective and safe for RLN monitoring, and it is a clear alternative to direct continuous stimulation of the nerve that by contrast requires its dissection in the carotid sheath. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Endocrine Surgery)
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13 pages, 4156 KiB  
Article
Unveiling the Accuracy of Ultrasonographic Assessment of Thyroid Volume: A Comparative Analysis of Ultrasonographic Measurements and Specimen Volumes
by Can Konca and Atilla Halil Elhan
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6619; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206619 - 19 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1678
Abstract
In endocrine surgery, a precise ultrasonographic measurement of thyroid volume is crucial. However, there is limited comparative research between ultrasonographic and specimen volumes, which has left this issue open to debate. This study aims to assess the accuracy of recommended formulas for ultrasonographic [...] Read more.
In endocrine surgery, a precise ultrasonographic measurement of thyroid volume is crucial. However, there is limited comparative research between ultrasonographic and specimen volumes, which has left this issue open to debate. This study aims to assess the accuracy of recommended formulas for ultrasonographic thyroid volume measurement by comparing them to specimen volumes and analyzing the influencing variables. From the data of 120 eligible patients, different formulas, including ultrasonographic thyroid volume (US-TV) based on the ellipsoid formula, lower correction factor thyroid volume (LCF-TV), and calculated ultrasonographic (derived formula) thyroid volume (CU-TV), were used to estimate the thyroid volume based on measurements taken prior to surgery. These measurements were compared with the intraoperative specimen volume (IO-TV) derived using Archimedes’ principle. According to our findings, the mean values for US-TV and LCF-TV were significantly lower, whereas CU-TV was higher than IO-TV. Deviations were more significant in patients who had surgery for benign indications or compressive symptoms and in those with suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Although the ellipsoid formula tends to underestimate the actual thyroid volume, it remains the most accurate method for measuring ultrasonographic thyroid volume. The deviation is greater for larger volumes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Endocrine Surgery)
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Review

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19 pages, 2532 KiB  
Review
Redo Thyroidectomy: Updated Insights
by Luminita Suveica, Oana-Claudia Sima, Mihai-Lucian Ciobica, Claudiu Nistor, Anca-Pati Cucu, Mihai Costachescu, Adrian Ciuche, Tiberiu Vasile Ioan Nistor and Mara Carsote
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(18), 5347; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185347 - 10 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1597
Abstract
The risk of post-operatory hypothyroidism and hypocalcaemia, along with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, is lower following a less-than-total thyroidectomy; however, a previously unsuspected carcinoma or a disease progression might be detected after initial surgery, hence indicating re-intervention as mandatory (so-called “redo” surgery) with [...] Read more.
The risk of post-operatory hypothyroidism and hypocalcaemia, along with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, is lower following a less-than-total thyroidectomy; however, a previously unsuspected carcinoma or a disease progression might be detected after initial surgery, hence indicating re-intervention as mandatory (so-called “redo” surgery) with completion. This decision takes into consideration a multidisciplinary approach, but the surgical technique and the actual approach is entirely based on the skills and availability of the surgical team according to the standard protocols regarding a personalised decision. We aimed to introduce a review of the most recently published data, with respect to redo thyroid surgery. For the basis of the discussion, a novel vignette on point was introduced. This was a narrative review. We searched English-language papers according to the key search terms in different combinations such as “redo” and “thyroid”, alternatively “thyroidectomy” and “thyroid surgery”, across the PubMed database. Inclusion criteria were original articles. The timeframe of publication was between 1 January 2020 and 20 July 2024. Exclusion criteria were non-English papers, reviews, non-human studies, case reports or case series, exclusive data on parathyroid surgery, and cell line experiments. We identified ten studies across the five-year most recent window of PubMed searches that showed a heterogeneous spectrum of complications and applications of different surgeries with respect to redo interventions during thyroid removal (e.g., recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during surgery, other types of incision than cervicotomy, the use of parathyroid fluorescence, bleeding risk, etc.). Most studies addressing novel surgical perspectives focused on robotic-assisted re-intervention, and an expansion of this kind of studies is expected. Further studies and multifactorial models of assessment and risk prediction are necessary to decide, assess, and recommend redo interventions and the most adequate surgical techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Endocrine Surgery)
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12 pages, 234 KiB  
Review
The Nexus of Hyperparathyroidism and Thyroid Carcinoma: Insights into Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Challenges—A Narrative Review
by Gregorio Scerrino, Nunzia Cinzia Paladino, Giuseppina Orlando, Giuseppe Salamone, Pierina Richiusa, Stefano Radellini, Giuseppina Melfa and Giuseppa Graceffa
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010147 - 27 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2155
Abstract
This review investigates the intricate relationship between hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and thyroid carcinoma (TC), aiming to elucidate their coexistence, potential pathogenetic mechanisms, and clinical implications. A systematic search strategy, employing the MeSH terms ‘Hyperparathyroidism’ and ‘Thyroid Carcinoma’, spanned publications from 2013 to 2023 across [...] Read more.
This review investigates the intricate relationship between hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and thyroid carcinoma (TC), aiming to elucidate their coexistence, potential pathogenetic mechanisms, and clinical implications. A systematic search strategy, employing the MeSH terms ‘Hyperparathyroidism’ and ‘Thyroid Carcinoma’, spanned publications from 2013 to 2023 across the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Fifteen selected articles were analyzed. Studies unanimously confirm the notable association between primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and thyroid nodules/cancer, with incidences ranging from 2.8% to 47.1%. Key findings reveal a predilection for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in this association, showcasing varying tumor characteristics and gender disparities. Lower preoperative serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are a potential risk factor for thyroid cancer in PHPT patients. Diverse surgical approaches and tumor characteristics between PHPT and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) cases were noted. Moreover, this review underscores the scarcity of definitive guidelines in managing concurrent PHPT and thyroid conditions, advocating for comprehensive assessments to enhance diagnostic accuracy and refine therapeutic interventions. Rare coincidental associations, as highlighted by case reports, shed light on unique clinical scenarios. In essence, this review amalgamates evidence to deepen the understanding of the interplay between HPT and TC, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and guide clinical management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Endocrine Surgery)
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