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Current and Emerging Treatment Perspectives in Heart Failure
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Current and Emerging Treatment Perspectives in Heart Failure

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2024) | Viewed by 9724

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Walter Grosso Marra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Ivrea Hospital, 10015 Turin, Piedmont, Italy
Interests: heart failure; treatment perspectives; emerging therapies; cardiac imaging; diagnostics; risk stratification; prognosis; patient outcomes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue titled “Current and Emerging Treatment Perspectives in Heart Failure” in clinical medicine covers the latest advancements and approaches in managing heart failure, a complex and potentially life-threatening condition. This Special Issue provides valuable insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies for heart failure patients.

One of the key areas discussed in this Special Issue is the use of novel diagnostic techniques to accurately assess heart function and identify the underlying causes of heart failure. Advanced imaging modalities, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography, are highlighted for their ability to provide detailed information about cardiac structure and function.

In terms of treatment, this Special Issue emphasizes on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and other healthcare professionals. It explores various interventions, including pharmacological therapies, device interventions, surgical advancements, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine.

Overall, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging treatment perspectives in heart failure. It serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals involved in the care and management of patients with this challenging condition.

Dr. Walter Grosso Marra
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heart failure
  • treatment perspectives
  • emerging therapies
  • cardiac imaging
  • diagnostics
  • risk stratification
  • prognosis
  • patient outcomes

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 621 KiB  
Article
Clinical Implication of HIF-PH Inhibitor in Patients with Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Renal Anemia
by Yuki Hida, Teruhiko Imamura and Koichiro Kinugawa
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(24), 7619; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247619 - 13 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1114
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors have been developed as a treatment for renal anemia. However, their therapeutic impact on patients with concomitant heart failure remains uncertain. We investigated the impact of HIF-PH inhibitors on improving renal anemia and associated clinical outcomes in [...] Read more.
Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors have been developed as a treatment for renal anemia. However, their therapeutic impact on patients with concomitant heart failure remains uncertain. We investigated the impact of HIF-PH inhibitors on improving renal anemia and associated clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. Methods: Patients with both heart failure and renal anemia who received HIF-PH inhibitors were retrospectively analyzed over a six-month follow-up period. Hemoglobin levels and other clinical parameters were compared between the six-month pre-treatment period without HIF-PH inhibitors and the six-month treatment period with HIF-PH inhibitors. Results: A total of 69 patients (median age 82 years, 27 male) were included. Baseline hemoglobin was 9.2 (8.8, 10.3) g/dL, baseline plasma B-type natriuretic peptide level was 264 (156, 372) pg/mL, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 29.1 (19.0, 35.1) mL/min/1.73 m2. Hemoglobin levels declined during the pre-treatment period from 10.5 (9.4, 11.5) g/dL to 9.2 (8.8, 10.3) g/dL (p < 0.001) but subsequently increased to 10.9 (10.1, 12.0) g/dL following six months of HIF-PH inhibitor treatment (p < 0.001). This increase in hemoglobin was accompanied by a reduction in plasma BNP levels, improved renal function, and reduced systemic inflammation (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: HIF-PH inhibitors demonstrated efficacy in this cohort of patients with heart failure, with associated improvements in heart failure severity, renal function, and systemic inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Emerging Treatment Perspectives in Heart Failure)
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16 pages, 1543 KiB  
Article
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Its Implications on Real-Time Hemodynamic Regulation, Baroreceptor Reflex Sensitivity, and Survival
by Anna S. Lang-Stöberl, Hannah Fabikan, Maria Ruis, Sherwin Asadi, Julie Krainer, Oliver Illini and Arschang Valipour
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(23), 7219; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237219 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 966
Abstract
Background: Impairment in autonomic activity is a prognostic marker in patients with heart failure (HF), and its involvement has been suggested in cardiovascular complications of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR). This prospective observational study aims to investigate the implications [...] Read more.
Background: Impairment in autonomic activity is a prognostic marker in patients with heart failure (HF), and its involvement has been suggested in cardiovascular complications of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR). This prospective observational study aims to investigate the implications of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) on hemodynamic regulation and autonomic activity in chronic HF patients. Methods: Chronic HF patients, providing confirmation of reduced ejection fraction (≤35%), underwent polysomnography, real-time hemodynamic, heart rate variability (HRV), and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) assessments using the Task Force Monitor. BRS was assessed using the sequencing method during resting conditions and stress testing. Results: Our study population (n = 58) was predominantly male (41 vs. 17), with a median age of 61 (±11) yrs and a median BMI of 30 (±5) kg/m2. Patients diagnosed with CSR were 13.8% (8/58) and 50.0% (29/58) with OSAS. No differences in the real-time assessment of hemodynamic regulation, heart rate variability, or baroreceptor reflex function were found between patients with OSAS, CSR, and patients without SDB. A subgroup analysis of BRS and HRV in patients with severe SDB (AHI > 30/h) and without SDB (AHI < 5) revealed numerically reduced BRS and increased LF/HF-RRI values under resting conditions, as well as during mental testing in patients with severe SDB. Patients with moderate-to-severe SDB had a shorter overall survival, which was, however, dependent upon age. Conclusions: Chronic HF patients with severe SDB may exhibit lower baroreceptor function and impaired cardiovascular autonomic function in comparison with HF patients without SDB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Emerging Treatment Perspectives in Heart Failure)
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12 pages, 1850 KiB  
Article
CPAP Treatment at Home after Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
by Petar Kalaydzhiev, Angelina Borizanova, Neli Georgieva, Gergana Voynova, Slavi Yakov, Tsvetan Kocev, Galya Tomova-Lyutakova, Bozhidar Krastev, Natalia Spasova, Radostina Ilieva, Elena Kinova and Assen Goudev
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(19), 5676; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195676 - 24 Sep 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1786
Abstract
Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a condition with a high frequency of hospitalizations and mortality, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common comorbidity. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy at home can be a good adjunctive non-drug therapy for [...] Read more.
Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a condition with a high frequency of hospitalizations and mortality, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common comorbidity. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy at home can be a good adjunctive non-drug therapy for these patients. Methods: We conducted a single-center, prospective cohort study from 150 consecutive patients hospitalized for heart failure exacerbation in the cardiology department. Of these, 57 patients had obstructive sleep apnea. After discharge, CPAP therapy at home was offered. We divided them into two groups and followed them for 1 year. All patients received optimal medical treatment. At the end of the period, patients underwent a follow-up physical examination, a follow-up echocardiography, and a follow-up evaluation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results: From 81 patients with sleep apnea, 72.8% (n = 59) had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 27.2% (n = 22) had central sleep apnea (CSA). There was a statistically significant difference in body mass index (BMI), ESS, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%) in the group with CPAP therapy compared to the no-CPAP group. The CPAP group had a median survival of 11.7 months vs. 10.1 months in the no-CPAP group (log-rank (Mantel–Cox) p = 0.044). Conclusions: This study suggests that obstructive sleep apnea is a common comorbidity in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. The addition of CPAP therapy in these patients improves the symptoms and the prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Emerging Treatment Perspectives in Heart Failure)
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Review

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12 pages, 1743 KiB  
Review
Outcome Through the Years of Left-Ventricular Assist Devices Therapy for End-Stage Heart Failure: A Review
by Ilaria Tropea, Giovanni Domenico Cresce, Valerio Sanesi, Loris Salvador and Daniele Zoni
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(21), 6622; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216622 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 2292
Abstract
Heart transplantation remains the gold standard surgical treatment for advanced heart failure. Over time, medical therapies have achieved remarkable outcomes in terms of survival and quality of life, yet their results may be insufficient, even when maximized. The limited availability of organ donors [...] Read more.
Heart transplantation remains the gold standard surgical treatment for advanced heart failure. Over time, medical therapies have achieved remarkable outcomes in terms of survival and quality of life, yet their results may be insufficient, even when maximized. The limited availability of organ donors and the selective criteria for heart transplant eligibility have led to a significant rise in the utilization of long-term mechanical circulatory support, including left ventricular assist devices. Patients receiving LVADs often present with multiple comorbidities, constituting a highly vulnerable population. Individuals living with LVADs may experience various long-term complications, such as bleeding, driveline infections, neurological events, and right ventricular dysfunction. Fortunately, the development of increasingly biocompatible LVAD devices in recent years has resulted in a notable reduction in these complications. This review aims to summarize the principal complications encountered by patients with LVADs throughout their treatment and the associated daily management strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Emerging Treatment Perspectives in Heart Failure)
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19 pages, 1665 KiB  
Review
Novel Techniques, Biomarkers and Molecular Targets to Address Cardiometabolic Diseases
by Valerio Di Fiore, Federica Cappelli, Lavinia Del Punta, Nicolò De Biase, Silvia Armenia, Davide Maremmani, Tommaso Lomonaco, Denise Biagini, Alessio Lenzi, Matteo Mazzola, Domenico Tricò, Stefano Masi, Alessandro Mengozzi and Nicola Riccardo Pugliese
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(10), 2883; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102883 - 14 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3026
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are interrelated and multifactorial conditions, including arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Due to the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with CMDs’ increasing prevalence, there is a critical need for novel diagnostic [...] Read more.
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are interrelated and multifactorial conditions, including arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Due to the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with CMDs’ increasing prevalence, there is a critical need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in their management. In clinical practice, innovative methods such as epicardial adipose tissue evaluation, ventricular–arterial coupling, and exercise tolerance studies could help to elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms associated with CMDs. Similarly, epigenetic changes involving noncoding RNAs, chromatin modulation, and cellular senescence could represent both novel biomarkers and targets for CMDs. Despite the promising data available, significant challenges remain in translating basic research findings into clinical practice, highlighting the need for further investigation into the complex pathophysiology underlying CMDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Emerging Treatment Perspectives in Heart Failure)
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