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Infectious Diseases and Host Responses: Clinical, Immunological, and Outcome-Orientated Perspectives

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 205

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
2. Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; emerging infectious diseases; vector-borne diseases; microbiome and host response; infection prevention and control; clinical microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The fields of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases are rapidly advancing due to progress in modern diagnostic methods, a deeper understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, and the continued emergence of new infectious threats. This Special Issue, “Infectious Diseases and Host Responses: Clinical, Immunological, and Outcome-Orientated Perspectives”, will bring together contributions that reflect on recent developments in the identification, surveillance, and management of infections, as well as research focused on host–microorganism interactions. We welcome submissions on topics such as antimicrobial resistance, emerging and re-emerging infections, the role of the microbiome, infection prevention, and relevant aspects of anti-infective therapy. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this Special Issue will foster scientific exchange and contribute to improving outcomes in the diagnosis, management, and control of infectious diseases.

Dr. Nicoleta Negruț
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiology
  • infection
  • resistance
  • epidemiology
  • microbiome
  • prevention
  • therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

26 pages, 1104 KB  
Review
Infection-Triggered Immune Dysregulation and Immunopathology in Lyme Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
by Klavio Pine, Vivian Pine, Nicoleta Negrut, Anca Ferician and Paula Marian
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(8), 2922; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15082922 (registering DOI) - 11 Apr 2026
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) is classically defined as a tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl). However, accumulating evidence indicates that, beyond microbial persistence, Bbsl infection can initiate sustained immune dysregulation and post-infectious inflammatory phenotypes in a subset of patients. This narrative [...] Read more.
Lyme disease (LD) is classically defined as a tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl). However, accumulating evidence indicates that, beyond microbial persistence, Bbsl infection can initiate sustained immune dysregulation and post-infectious inflammatory phenotypes in a subset of patients. This narrative review integrates open-access experimental, translational, and clinical data and discusses LD within the spectrum of infection-triggered, immune-mediated processes. We review key immunopathogenic mechanisms, including dysregulated innate immune activation, type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling, T helper 1 and T helper 17 (Th1/Th17) polarization with regulatory T-cell (Treg) insufficiency, antigen persistence (notably borrelial peptidoglycan), and pathways linking infection to autoimmunity such as molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted susceptibility. These mechanisms are integrated with immune-mediated clinical manifestations affecting the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), musculoskeletal system, heart, skin, and hematologic compartment. Finally, we discuss translational implications for diagnosis, biomarker-guided stratification, and emerging therapeutic strategies that extend beyond antimicrobial therapy, while addressing current controversies and limitations. This framework supports a mechanistic model in which Lyme disease-associated morbidity in selected patients reflects persistent immune activation and dysregulated host responses triggered by infection. Full article
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