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Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Management Insights
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Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Management Insights

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 September 2026 | Viewed by 1883

Editors

Dr. Stamatios Lampsas

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Guest Editor
2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
Interests: glaucoma; risk factors; retinal diseases; diabetic retinopathy; glaucoma progression
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Efthymios Karmiris

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Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, Airforce General Hospital, 251 Hellenic, Athens, Greece
Interests: keratoconus; cataract surgery; cornea; clinical research; ophthalmology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and remains a significant public health concern due to its silent progression and often late diagnosis. As its prevalence increases globally, particularly in aging populations, there is an urgent need for improved detection, evaluation, and management strategies.

The purpose could aim to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of advances in the early detection, clinical evaluation, and therapeutic management of glaucoma. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of glaucomatous disease, there is a pressing need for continual innovation in diagnostic strategies, risk assessment, and individualized treatment approaches. This Special Issue aims to promote collaboration and knowledge exchange among ophthalmologists, clinicians, and researchers, with the overarching goal of enhancing both the scientific understanding and clinical management of glaucoma to improve patient care and outcomes.

We encourage the submission of original research articles and review papers that contribute to this evolving and vital field.

Dr. Stamatios Lampsas
Dr. Efthymios Karmiris
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • glaucoma
  • risk factors
  • progression
  • novel biomarkers
  • diagnosis
  • management

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 887 KB  
Article
Association of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment with Knowledge- and Technique-Related Eye Drop Adherence Problems in Glaucoma Assessed Using the Shimane University Glaucoma Eye Drop Adherence Questionnaire
by Mayumi Furue, Yuya Kato, Hinako Ohtani, Chisako Ida, Kana Murakami, Mizuki Koike, Keigo Takagi, Yuto Yoshida, Kazunobu Sugihara and Masaki Tanito
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(13), 5203; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15135203 - 3 Jul 2026
Viewed by 265
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Glaucoma medication adherence is influenced by multiple factors, including treatment-related knowledge, eye drop instillation technique, cognitive function, and systemic health status. However, the relationships between comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) results and specific adherence-related problems remain poorly understood. This study investigated the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Glaucoma medication adherence is influenced by multiple factors, including treatment-related knowledge, eye drop instillation technique, cognitive function, and systemic health status. However, the relationships between comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) results and specific adherence-related problems remain poorly understood. This study investigated the associations between CGA results and glaucoma eye drop adherence-related problems using the newly developed Shimane University Glaucoma Eye Drop Adherence Questionnaire (SU-GAQ). Methods: This retrospective study included 187 consecutive glaucoma patients who underwent CGA and completed the SU-GAQ at Shimane University Hospital. The SU-GAQ consists of Knowledge (Q1–Q5) and Technique (Q6–Q15) domains. CGA included the Mini-Cog, G8, and Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI). Associations between questionnaire responses and CGA results were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation and generalized regression analyses. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) based on tetrachoric correlations was performed to evaluate the questionnaire structure. Results: Lower Mini-Cog scores were significantly associated with higher Knowledge-domain scores (ρ = −0.27, p = 0.0002) and higher overall questionnaire scores (ρ = −0.23, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, Mini-Cog remained independently associated with the Knowledge domain (estimate = −0.31, p < 0.0001) and total score (estimate = −0.44, p = 0.002). Higher ACCI scores were associated with higher Technique-domain scores (ρ = 0.19, p = 0.009) and remained significant in multivariate analysis (estimate = 0.16, p = 0.02). G8 scores were not significantly associated with questionnaire outcomes. EFA identified a two-factor structure corresponding to the predefined Knowledge and Technique domains, accounting for 71.2% of the total variance. Conclusions: Lower cognitive function was primarily associated with knowledge-related barriers to glaucoma medication adherence, whereas greater comorbidity burden was associated with technical difficulties in eye drop instillation. The SU-GAQ demonstrated a clinically meaningful two-domain structure and may facilitate identification of specific adherence-related barriers in glaucoma patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Management Insights)
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Review

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10 pages, 241 KB  
Review
Glaucoma Management Therapies and Clinical Outcomes in an African Population: A Review of Prospective Studies
by Albert Kwadjo Amoah Andoh, Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo, Josephine Ampong, Kwadwo Antwi Appiagyei, Isaiah Osei Duah Junior, Simon Christoph König and Alexander Karl-Georg Schuster
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(5), 1837; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15051837 - 28 Feb 2026
Viewed by 866
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in Africa, with disease burden exacerbated by limited access to eye care, shortages of trained ophthalmologists, and socioeconomic disparities. This review synthesizes prospective and interventional studies evaluating glaucoma management modalities and associated clinical outcomes in [...] Read more.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in Africa, with disease burden exacerbated by limited access to eye care, shortages of trained ophthalmologists, and socioeconomic disparities. This review synthesizes prospective and interventional studies evaluating glaucoma management modalities and associated clinical outcomes in an African population. Trabeculectomy remains the predominant surgical intervention, achieving success rates of approximately 80%, with enhanced outcomes when augmented with anti-metabolites such as mitomycin-C or 5-fluorouracil. Laser-based interventions, including selective laser trabeculoplasty and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, demonstrate moderate to high efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure, while nonpenetrating surgeries such as deep sclerectomy, viscocanalostomy, and canaloplasty provide substantial pressure reduction with fewer complications. Pediatric interventions, notably goniotomy, show efficacy in lowering intraocular pressure, although region-specific evidence remains limited. Evidence on pharmacological intervention remains scarce, fragmented, with high rates of non-adherence frequently reported, highlighting the need for rigorously-designed outcome-oriented studies to inform clinical practice. Adoption of newer surgical and laser techniques is constrained by cost, limited equipment, and insufficient subspeciality expertise. Improving glaucoma outcomes in Africa will require strategic expansion of access to effective treatments, strengthen local surgical capacity, and prioritize evidence-based research. Collectively, these efforts will provide a more robust framework to optimize glaucoma management and reduce the burden of irreversible blindness across the continent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Management Insights)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

17 pages, 8341 KB  
Systematic Review
Underestimation of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) After LASIK and PRK: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Stamatios Lampsas, Efthymios Karmiris, George D. Kymionis and Irini Chatziralli
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(12), 4426; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15124426 - 8 Jun 2026
Viewed by 387
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Refractive corneal surgery alters corneal biomechanics and thickness, affecting the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the postoperative underestimation of IOP following such procedures. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted based [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Refractive corneal surgery alters corneal biomechanics and thickness, affecting the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the postoperative underestimation of IOP following such procedures. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted based on PRISMA guidelines, evaluated pre- and postoperative IOP changes following LASIK and PRK using GAT, ORA, and CORVIS ST, based on studies identified through PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect up to 31 December 2025, with results synthesized using random-effects models and reported as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Of the 1796 articles identified, 54 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 4730 eyes. After LASIK, a statistically significant underestimation of IOP was observed with all methods: GAT (MD: 3.23 mmHg, 95% CI: 2.77–3.69, p < 0.001), ORA (MD: 2.13 mmHg, 95% CI: 1.56–2.70, p < 0.001), and CORVIS ST (MD: 1.39 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.53–2.24, p = 0.001). Similarly, after PRK, a significant reduction in IOP was recorded with GAT (MD: 2.04 mmHg, 95% CI: 1.24–2.84, p < 0.001) and ORA (MD: 2.46 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.62–4.29, p < 0.01), while the difference measured by CORVIS ST was not statistically significant. Conclusions: LASIK and PRK result in systematic underestimation of IOP, most pronounced with GAT and less evident with ORA and CORVIS ST, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate tonometry methods for accurate monitoring, especially in patients at risk of glaucoma or elevated IOP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Management Insights)
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