Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Epidemiology, Clinical Management, and Emerging Therapies

Dear Colleagues,

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogenous group of rare epithelial neoplasms that can emanate from neuroendocrine cells in many organs, with the majority developing in the luminal gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, or lungs. The incidence of NENs has increased over the last three decades, most dramatically in older adults, with the highest increase in prevalence seen in GI NENs, according to the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. This increase in incidence is attributed not only to the increased diagnosis of asymptomatic, early-stage disease (for instance, through the wider use of endoscopic procedures in the gastrointestinal tract), but also to the increased recognition and adoption of classification systems for these rare tumors by the WHO. Although uncommon, NENs remain a significant cause of mortality, particularly pulmonary NENs, which often present as aggressive high-grade carcinomas.

Most observations regarding risk factors and demographic profiles across site-specific NENs have been acquired from the SEER program database. Similarly, recent years have seen new insights into the diverse molecular landscape of various NENs, demonstrating the correspondingly diverse tumor biology of NENs at various anatomical sites. Therefore, the design of larger clinical trials for novel treatment options remains a significant challenge. In this Special Issue on NENs, we will address topics concerning the broad diversity of NENs (epidemiology and demographics, different anatomical sites, survival outcomes in different racial/ethnic groups, and risk factors) and their current and future management, including endoscopic approaches to gastrointestinal NENs and emerging therapeutic options based on precision medicine applications.

Dr. H. Christian Weber
Guest Editor

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