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Current Concepts in Melanoma: Innovations in Early Detection, Prognosis and Management

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2026 | Viewed by 681

Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Dermatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Worlds Fair Drive, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
2. Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
Interests: skin cancer; dermatopathology; non-invasive diagnostic innovations; artificial intelligence

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer and an important public health concern worldwide. Recent data indicate that its incidence is decreasing among younger individuals, remaining stable in middle-aged adults, but unfortunately increasing in older populations. The early detection of melanoma can significantly improve survival rates and clinical outcomes, as early treatment tends to be more effective. In particular, newer non-invasive diagnostic tools have further expanded the possibilities for early detection, allowing clinicians to identify suspicious lesions with less patient discomfort. Therefore, it is essential that healthcare professionals are well trained to recognize this cancer at an early stage. Over the past several decades, treatment options for melanoma have advanced considerably, with significant innovations in both medical and surgical approaches. Medical treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies, have transformed patient care, while surgical techniques continue to evolve to improve outcomes.

In this Special Issue, we invite authors to submit original research and reviews on current concepts in melanoma, focusing on innovations in early detection, prognosis, and management.

Dr. Babar Khan Rao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • melanoma
  • early detection
  • non-invasive diagnostic innovations
  • artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis
  • melanoma management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

12 pages, 228 KB  
Review
Overdiagnosis of Melanoma In Situ
by Maria Elisabetta Greco, Antonio Di Guardo, Annunziata Dattola and Giovanni Pellacani
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(11), 4339; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15114339 - 3 Jun 2026
Viewed by 256
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The incidence of melanoma in situ (MIS) has increased markedly in several high-income countries, often outpacing invasive melanoma without a proportional rise in mortality. This divergence has raised concerns regarding overdiagnosis, defined as the detection of biologically indolent disease that would not [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The incidence of melanoma in situ (MIS) has increased markedly in several high-income countries, often outpacing invasive melanoma without a proportional rise in mortality. This divergence has raised concerns regarding overdiagnosis, defined as the detection of biologically indolent disease that would not have caused harm if left untreated. This review aims to synthesize contemporary evidence on the overdiagnosis of MIS, focusing on epidemiological patterns, screening-related detection, pathological interpretation, quantitative estimates, and clinical consequences. Methods: A narrative review with systematic search elements was conducted using a structured approach informed by PRISMA principles. PubMed was searched for studies published between January 2017 and March 2026, and eligible studies were selected based on relevance to melanoma overdiagnosis, MIS incidence, screening, and diagnostic variability. Results: The literature consistently demonstrates that increases in melanoma incidence are largely driven by MIS and thin invasive lesions rather than advanced disease. Screening and surveillance preferentially increase detection of low-risk lesions, while variability in dermatopathological interpretation contributes to diagnostic drift. Quantitative studies suggest that a substantial proportion of MIS diagnoses may represent overdiagnosis, exceeding 60–80% in some settings. All of this entails significant direct and indirect social costs in several countries. Conclusions: Overdiagnosis of MIS is a significant and multifactorial phenomenon. MIS represents a heterogeneous entity, and future strategies should focus on improving diagnostic precision, risk stratification, and minimizing harm associated with unnecessary diagnosis. Full article
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