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Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
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Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Anesthesiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2023) | Viewed by 2385

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lingsha Ju

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
Interests: sevoflurane; anesthesia; neurotoxicity
Dr. Jing Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Interests: mitochondria; neuronal excitability; cognitive function
Prof. Dr. Muhuo Ji

E-Mail
Guest Editor
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Interests: sevoflurane; anesthesia; neurotoxicity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), encompassing acute postoperative delirium (occurring up to 7 days after surgery), delayed neurocognitive recovery (cognitive decline diagnosed up to 30 days after surgery) and postoperative cognitive decline (POCD, cognitive decline diagnosed up to 12 months thereafter), are the main health concerns for elderly patients scheduled for anesthesia and surgery. The resulting cognitive decline not only has a detrimental impact on patients’ quality of life, puts them at risk of developing dementia and can even cause death but also imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden on the society. Even though PND is observed in patients across different age groups, the aging population is most often studied. The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction ranges from 8.9% to 46.1%, depending on the study and type of surgery. The pathophysiology of PND is multifaceted. Clinical and laboratory evidence suggests that stress, inflammation and pre-existing neurocognitive disorders are essential contributing factors to PND. More studies are required to identify potential therapeutic targets and prevention strategies to improve the outcome of surgery.

This Issue will identify the gaps in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of PND based on a combination of original research and review papers.

Topics will include:

  • The epidemiology of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (including delirium and POCD);
  • The mechanisms for PND;
  • Biomarkers for PND;
  • Interventions for PND.

Dr. Lingsha Ju
Dr. Jing Wu
Prof. Dr. Muhuo Ji
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neurocognitive dysfunction
  • delirium
  • epidemiology
  • pathophysiology
  • biomarkers
  • therapy
  • prevention

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1390 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Mini-Cog Score and High-Mobility Group Box 1 Levels in Elderly Patients with Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
by Seung Hee Yoo, Mi Jin Jue, Yu-Hee Kim, Sooyoung Cho, Won-joong Kim, Kye-Min Kim, Jong In Han and Heeseung Lee
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6610; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206610 - 19 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 705
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine prevents postoperative cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which acts as an inflammatory marker. This study investigated the HMGB1 levels and the cognitive function using a Mini-Cog© score in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery with dexmedetomidine infusion. In total, [...] Read more.
Dexmedetomidine prevents postoperative cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which acts as an inflammatory marker. This study investigated the HMGB1 levels and the cognitive function using a Mini-Cog© score in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery with dexmedetomidine infusion. In total, 128 patients aged ≥ 65 years were analyzed. The patients received saline in the control group and dexmedetomidine in the dexmedetomidine group until the end of surgery. Blood sampling and the Mini-Cog© test were performed before the surgery and on postoperative days 1 and 3. The primary outcomes were the effect of dexmedetomidine on the HMGB1 levels and the Mini-Cog© score in terms of postoperative cognitive function. The Mini-Cog© score over time differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.008), with an increase in the dexmedetomidine group. The postoperative HMGB1 levels increased over time in both groups; however, there was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.969). The probability of perioperative neurocognitive disorders decreased by 0.48 times as the Mini-Cog© score on postoperative day 3 increased by 1 point. Intraoperative dexmedetomidine has shown an increase in the postoperative Mini-Cog© score. Thus, the Mini-Cog© score is a potential tool for evaluating cognitive function in elderly patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders)
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7 pages, 561 KiB  
Article
Association between Preoperative Hand Grip Strength and Postoperative Delirium after Cardiovascular Surgery: A Retrospective Study
by Taichi Kotani, Mitsuru Ida, Satoki Inoue, Yusuke Naito and Masahiko Kawaguchi
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(7), 2705; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072705 - 04 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1338
Abstract
The association of frailty with postoperative delirium has not been fully investigated in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether preoperative hand grip strength is associated with postoperative delirium. This retrospective study included patients aged >65 years who had [...] Read more.
The association of frailty with postoperative delirium has not been fully investigated in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether preoperative hand grip strength is associated with postoperative delirium. This retrospective study included patients aged >65 years who had undergone elective cardiovascular surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass at a Japanese university hospital between April 2020 and February 2022. We defined low hand grip strength as hand grip values of <275 n and <177 n for men and women, respectively. Postoperative delirium was assessed using the confusion assessment method during patients’ intensive care unit stay. The odds ratio of low hand grip strength for postoperative delirium was estimated using multiple logistic analysis, which was adjusted for prominent clinical factors. Ninety-five patients with a median age of 74 years were included in the final analysis, and 31.5% of them had low hand grip strength. Postoperative delirium occurred in 37% of patients, and the odds ratio of low preoperative hand grip strength for postoperative delirium was 4.58 (95% confidence interval: 1.57–13.2). Thirty-seven patients experienced postoperative delirium after cardiovascular surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, and low preoperative hand grip strength was positively associated with its occurrence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders)
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