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Assessment and Treatment of Trauma Patients
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Assessment and Treatment of Trauma Patients

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Emergency Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2026 | Viewed by 8896

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Arne Driessen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
2. Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Luisenhospital Aachen, Boxgraben 99, 52064 Aachen, Germany
Interests: orthopaedic trauma; trauma management; detection and therapy of trauma-induced coagulopathy; sports injuries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The fast developments in the treatment of trauma patients are remarkable. Therapeutic indications have expanded steadily, and new therapies that have never existed are being developed and implemented. In particular, the advancements of prehospital application of blood products and haemostatics have become a crucial part in therapy. Furthermore, standardized clinical approaches and treatment protocols have been implemented in order to improve the patient’s outcome. Hence, interventional EUS has revolutionized endoscopic treatment for pancreaticobiliary disease. In this Special Issue, we welcome authors to submit papers on the clinical assessment and treatment of trauma patients with a special focus on novelties and new therapies. We would highly appreciate your contribution and are looking forward to your submission.

Dr. Arne Driessen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • trauma surgery
  • prehospital detection of trauma
  • assessment of trauma
  • trauma scale
  • trauma evaluation
  • trauma surgery

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 505 KB  
Article
Electric-Scooter- and Bicycle-Related Trauma in a Hungarian Level-1 Trauma Center—A Retrospective 1-Year Study
by Viktor Foglar, Dávid Süvegh, Mohammad Walid Al-Smadi, Daniel Veres, Csenge Nemes and Árpád Viola
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(24), 8782; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14248782 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 364
Abstract
Background/Objectives: In recent years, electric scooters have gained widespread popularity as an easy and affordable mode of transport in urban areas worldwide. Simultaneously, trauma centers have observed an increasing number of associated injuries to users. While injury patterns associated with other vehicles are [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: In recent years, electric scooters have gained widespread popularity as an easy and affordable mode of transport in urban areas worldwide. Simultaneously, trauma centers have observed an increasing number of associated injuries to users. While injury patterns associated with other vehicles are now well-researched, electric-scooter-related injuries are a new topic in the literature. Our study aims to investigate the differences in injury patterns and other critical crash characteristics among riders of bicycles, electric scooters, and scooters. Methods: This one-year retrospective observational study examined patients who sustained injuries while riding bicycles, electric scooters, or scooters between April 2021 and March 2022 at Hungary’s largest trauma center in Budapest. During this one-year period, we identified 1938 patients, 1378 cyclists, 370 electric scooter users, and 190 scooter users. Basic demographic information, recorded injury type and severity, time of day the injury occurred, and alcohol usage were recorded as outcome measures. Results: While 4.6% of cyclists and 5.8% of scooter riders had consumed alcohol, 26.8% of electric scooter riders were under the influence of alcohol at the time of their crash. Of electric-scooter-related injuries, 45.8% occurred at night, compared to only 9.2% and 14.1% of bike and scooter-related injuries, respectively. E-scooter crashes constituted 19.1% of total cases but surged to 52.3% at night. Patients under the influence of alcohol were much more likely to experience mild head injuries (p < 0.0001) and severe head injuries (p < 0.0001), but less likely to suffer mild limb injuries (p < 0.0001) and severe limb injuries (p < 0.0001) compared with sober patients. Cyclists had significantly 3 times fewer cases of severe head trauma than those injured while using electric scooters (p = 0.0166). Conclusions: The study highlights a significant risk of severe craniofacial injuries in e-scooter users after consuming alcohol, exceeding that in sober riders and cyclists. Predominantly occurring at night, these injuries are closely linked with alcohol use. The findings advocate for mandatory helmet laws and stricter regulations on e-scooter use to enhance safety, especially at night. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment of Trauma Patients)
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11 pages, 471 KB  
Article
Development and Internal Validation of a Predictive Model for Operative Management in Blunt Abdominal Trauma Using Admission Physiological and Biochemical Parameters
by Raúl Sampayo-Candia, Carlos A. Guzmán-Martín, Miguel A. Vázquez-Toledo, Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz, Alejandro Berruecos-Romero, Daniel Juárez-Villa, Ana Karen García-Hernández, Adriana Hernández-García, Belén Marisol Chávez-Alba, Iván Zepeda-Quiroz and Demian Trueba-Lozano
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(23), 8379; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14238379 - 26 Nov 2025
Viewed by 525
Abstract
Background: Early identification of patients requiring operative management (OM) after blunt abdominal trauma is critical, yet initial physiological signs may be nonspecific. We sought to develop and internally validate an admission-based prediction model for early emergency department (ED) triage, prior to computed tomography [...] Read more.
Background: Early identification of patients requiring operative management (OM) after blunt abdominal trauma is critical, yet initial physiological signs may be nonspecific. We sought to develop and internally validate an admission-based prediction model for early emergency department (ED) triage, prior to computed tomography (CT), using routinely available physiological and biochemical parameters. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study including adult patients with blunt abdominal trauma who underwent FAST and lactate testing at admission. OM was defined as any abdominal surgical intervention within 24 h to control hemorrhage or repair injury. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating lactate, heart rate, leukocyte count, and FAST positivity was developed using complete-case data. Lactate diagnostic accuracy was assessed using ROC analysis. Internal validation was performed with 1000 bootstrap resamples. Results: In 81 patients with lactate results, lactate showed good discrimination for OM (AUC 0.815). At ≥3.5 mmol/L, sensitivity was 0.737 (95% CI 0.569–0.866), specificity 0.744 (0.588–0.865), LR+ 2.88, and LR− 0.35. The final logistic model demonstrated an apparent AUC of 0.904 and an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.882. The full model equation and coefficients are provided for reproducibility. Conclusions: Admission lactate, combined with FAST and physiologic measurements, provides useful early-triage information before CT and warrants external validation in larger cohorts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment of Trauma Patients)
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12 pages, 2226 KB  
Article
Fracture Mapping in High-Energy Chest Trauma
by Shuhuan Li, Duo Sun, Chu Wang, Pan Hu, Feifei Jin and Wei Huang
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(20), 6127; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206127 - 14 Oct 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2964
Abstract
Background: High-energy chest trauma often results in rib fractures and associated chest injuries. This study explored fracture distribution patterns in high-energy chest trauma, using three-dimensional (3D) fracture mapping technology. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed cases of high-energy chest trauma with rib [...] Read more.
Background: High-energy chest trauma often results in rib fractures and associated chest injuries. This study explored fracture distribution patterns in high-energy chest trauma, using three-dimensional (3D) fracture mapping technology. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed cases of high-energy chest trauma with rib fractures treated at a Level 1 Trauma Center, from February 2012 to January 2023. Specifically, 3D computed tomography (CT) was used to reconstruct rib fractures and create fracture-frequency heat maps, analyzing the influence of other thoracic fractures on rib fracture distribution. Results: Rib fractures were frequently found in the anterior and posterior thoracic areas. On average, patients sustained 7 ± 3.87 rib fractures, with clavicle fractures in 25.5% and scapular fractures in 19.6% of cases. Scapular fractures led to more posterior rib fractures, while sternal fractures were associated with more anterior rib fractures. Clavicle fractures were linked to fractures of the first to third ribs. Conclusions: Rib fractures in high-energy chest trauma occurred most often in the anterior and posterior regions. Fractures of the scapula and sternum influence the positioning of the fracture lines. Clavicular fractures are associated with a higher incidence of upper rib fractures. These findings can help inform surgical decisions and complication management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment of Trauma Patients)
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Review

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13 pages, 1004 KB  
Review
Nursing Interventions in Approaching Trauma Victims: Scoping Review
by Sofia Padinha, Júlio Belo Fernandes and Cidália Castro
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3016; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093016 - 27 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4395
Abstract
Background: Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often resulting in devastating physical, psychological, and social consequences. Nurses play an essential role in stabilizing patients, managing acute care, and ensuring continuity of treatment. Given the complexity of trauma care, continuous [...] Read more.
Background: Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often resulting in devastating physical, psychological, and social consequences. Nurses play an essential role in stabilizing patients, managing acute care, and ensuring continuity of treatment. Given the complexity of trauma care, continuous specialized training in nursing is crucial to enhance the quality of interventions and improve patient outcomes. Objective: We aimed to map and analyze nursing interventions in approaching trauma victims. Methods: This scoping review followed the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The literature search was conducted in databases available on the EBSCOhost platform and in PubMed. The research question guiding this review was as follows: what nursing interventions are used to approach trauma victims? Results: Thus, 1454 articles were identified (348 from ESBOhost and 1106 from PubMed), with 13 meeting the inclusion criteria. The findings were categorized into six key areas: (1) Triage, (2) Initial Approach, (3) Secondary Approach, (4) Professional Training, (5) Interdisciplinary Collaboration, and (6) Care Maintenance. Conclusions: Trauma victims require immediate and complex care. Nurses are pivotal throughout all clinical phases, delivering physical and psychological support, collaborating with multidisciplinary teams, and advancing professional training and community education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment of Trauma Patients)
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