Advances in Ocular Surface Research: Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance and Emerging Therapeutics

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2025 | Viewed by 369

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: lens; refractive and corneal surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: lens; refractive and corneal surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: lens; refractive and corneal surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Background and Rationale

The ocular surface, comprising the cornea, conjunctiva, tear film, and associated glands, plays a vital role in maintaining visual health and protecting the eye from microbial threats. However, the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a growing challenge for treating ocular infections such as keratitis, conjunctivitis, and blepharitis. As bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens develop resistance to conventional therapies, the burden of ocular surface disease increases, often leading to severe visual impairment or blindness in affected patients.

Despite advancements in ophthalmic care, there is a critical need to develop a deeper understanding of the interplay between the ocular surface microbiome, host immune response, and pathogen evolution in the context of AMR. Additionally, novel strategies, including the development of innovative antimicrobials, biofilm-targeting agents, and personalized medicine approaches, are promising for combating AMR-associated ocular infections.

This Special Issue aims to focus on the latest clinical and translational research addressing ocular surface disorders and antimicrobial resistance. By bringing together a diverse range of perspectives, this Special Issue aims to highlight emerging diagnostics, therapies, and preventive measures to improve patient outcomes.

Aims and Scope

This proposed Special Issue, entitled “Advances in Ocular Surface Research: Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance and Emerging Therapeutics”, seeks to achieve the following:

  1. Understand the Scope of AMR in Ocular Surface Disorders:

Explore the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in ocular pathogens, including bacterial, viral, and fungal species.

  1. Examine the Role of the Ocular Microbiome:

Investigate the impact of microbial diversity, dysbiosis, and biofilm formation on ocular surface health and susceptibility to resistant infections.

  1. Highlight Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics:

Showcase advancements in rapid diagnostic technologies, novel antimicrobial agents, drug delivery systems, and personalized treatment strategies for ocular surface infections.

  1. Assess Preventive Strategies:

Discuss the role of infection control measures, prophylactic interventions, and public health policies in mitigating the spread of AMR in ophthalmology.

  1. Encourage Interdisciplinary Collaboration:

Foster dialogue between microbiologists, immunologists, pharmacologists, and clinicians to drive innovation in ocular surface and AMR research.

Potential Topics

This Special Issue welcomes contributions in the form of original research articles, systematic reviews, clinical studies, and meta-analyses. Key topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in ocular infections;
  • Mechanisms of resistance in bacterial, fungal, and viral ocular pathogens;
  • Role of biofilms in ocular infections and their resistance patterns;
  • Interactions between the ocular microbiome and immune responses;
  • Novel antimicrobial agents and their efficacy against resistant strains;
  • Innovations in drug delivery systems for treating ocular surface infections;
  • Impact of AMR on surgical outcomes in ophthalmology;
  • Strategies for antimicrobial stewardship in ophthalmic practice;
  • Regulatory and public health perspectives on controlling AMR in eye care.

Dr. Francesco D'Oria
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Alessio
Dr. Maria Gabriella la Tegola
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ocular surface microbiome
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • ocular infections and therapeutics
  • novel diagnostics in ophthalmology
  • biofilms and pathogen evolution
  • infection control and public health

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 772 KiB  
Article
From Bench to Application: Evaluating the In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of a Polyhexamethylene Biguanide and Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid-Based Antiseptic Solution
by Francesco D’Oria, Giovanni Petruzzella, Enzo D’Ambrosio, Francesco Pignatelli, Giuseppe Addabbo and Giovanni Alessio
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(8), 2745; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082745 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 217
Abstract
Background/Objectives: In the context of increasing bacterial resistance and the need for effective ophthalmic antiseptics, this study evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy of Corneial MED®, a novel ophthalmic solution containing polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and cross-linked hyaluronic acid. The study investigates the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: In the context of increasing bacterial resistance and the need for effective ophthalmic antiseptics, this study evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy of Corneial MED®, a novel ophthalmic solution containing polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and cross-linked hyaluronic acid. The study investigates the in vitro fungicidal and bactericidal properties of this solution against clinically relevant fungal and bacterial strains and its impact on conjunctival flora in vivo. Methods: The in vitro assessment included time-kill assays to determine the fungicidal or fungistatic activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The bactericidal activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive and -resistant), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. In vivo, 43 patients undergoing cataract surgery were treated with the solution for three days preoperatively. Results: Corneial MED® demonstrated a fungistatic effect against C. albicans and A. fumigatus, while it exhibited limited activity against A. flavus. The tested solution effectively reduced bacterial load within minutes, outperforming competitor ophthalmic solutions in activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Conjunctival swabs indicated a significant reduction in bacterial load post-treatment, confirming the solution’s efficacy in reducing potential ocular pathogens. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of PHMB-based antiseptic solutions as a viable alternative to traditional disinfectants, particularly for preoperative prophylaxis and infection control. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm long-term safety and efficacy. The combination with cross-linked hyaluronic acid not only enhances tolerability but also extends antimicrobial action, making it a promising candidate for ophthalmic disinfection. Full article
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