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Moving Forward to New Trends in Pulmonary Diseases
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Moving Forward to New Trends in Pulmonary Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Respiratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2025 | Viewed by 1601

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ramona Cioboata

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Internal Medicine-Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
2. Pulmonology Department—“Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital of Pulmonology and Infectious Disease, Craiova, Romania
Interests: pulmonary tuberculosis; chronic obstructive airway diseases; bronchiectasis; COVID-19; sleep apnea
Prof. Dr. Costin Teodor Streba

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine-Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Interests: ultrasound; pulmonary tuberculosis; chronic obstructive airway diseases; interstitial lung disease; lung cancer; pulmonary rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to showcase cutting-edge research and emerging trends in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various pulmonary diseases, including tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, and sleep apnea. Despite recent advances, many challenges persist, such as early detection, drug resistance, and optimizing individualized treatment strategies. Tuberculosis, in particular, remains a global public health priority, with drug-resistant strains posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic hurdles. To address these core problems, we encourage submissions that explore novel diagnostic methods, multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches, and innovative rehabilitation techniques tailored to meet patient-specific needs. This Special Issue aims to mobilize collaborative efforts that foster a deeper understanding of pulmonary pathophysiology, thereby paving the way for improved patient outcomes and more effective, personalized care strategies in respiratory medicine.

Dr. Ramona Cioboata
Prof. Dr. Costin Teodor Streba
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pulmonary tuberculosis
  • chronic obstructive airway diseases
  • bronchiectasis
  • COVID-19
  • sleep apnea
  • ultrasound
  • lung cancer
  • pulmonary rehabilitation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

18 pages, 697 KiB  
Review
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and COVID-19: The Impact of Hematological Biomarkers on Disease Severity and Outcomes
by Gabriela Mara, Gheorghe Nini and Coralia Cotoraci
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(8), 2765; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082765 - 17 Apr 2025
Viewed by 292
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at heightened risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying respiratory impairment, systemic inflammation, and immune dysregulation. This review explores the hematological changes that occur in COPD patients with COVID-19 and their implications for disease progression, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at heightened risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying respiratory impairment, systemic inflammation, and immune dysregulation. This review explores the hematological changes that occur in COPD patients with COVID-19 and their implications for disease progression, prognosis, and clinical management. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of recent peer-reviewed studies from medical databases including Clarivate Analytics, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results: Hematological alterations, such as lymphopenia, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), increased D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, inflammatory anemia, and erythrocyte dysfunction, are commonly observed in COPD patients with COVID-19. These changes are linked to immune suppression, hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, and thromboembolic complications. Conclusions: Hematological biomarkers are valuable tools for early risk assessments and guiding treatment strategies in this high-risk population. The regular monitoring of D-dimer, fibrinogen, and NLR is advisable. Prophylactic anticoagulation and immunomodulatory therapies, such as corticosteroids and IL-6 and IL-1 inhibitors, may improve clinical outcomes. Further clinical studies are needed to validate personalized approaches and explore antioxidant-based interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Moving Forward to New Trends in Pulmonary Diseases)
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38 pages, 2337 KiB  
Review
Leptin and Insulin in COPD: Unveiling the Metabolic-Inflammatory Axis—A Narrative Review
by Oana Maria Catana, Alexandra Floriana Nemes, Ramona Cioboata, Claudia Lucia Toma, Denisa Maria Mitroi, Cristina Calarasu and Costin Teodor Streba
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(8), 2611; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082611 - 10 Apr 2025
Viewed by 525
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating condition characterized by airflow limitations and systemic inflammation. The interaction between the metabolic and inflammatory pathways plays a key role in disease progression, with leptin and insulin emerging as pivotal metabolic regulators. Leptin, [...] Read more.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating condition characterized by airflow limitations and systemic inflammation. The interaction between the metabolic and inflammatory pathways plays a key role in disease progression, with leptin and insulin emerging as pivotal metabolic regulators. Leptin, an adipokine that regulates energy homeostasis, and insulin, the primary regulator of glucose metabolism, are both altered in COPD patients. This narrative review provides an in-depth examination of the roles of leptin and insulin in COPD pathogenesis, focusing on the molecular mechanisms through which these metabolic regulators interact with inflammatory pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to a spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations. These disturbances not only exacerbate COPD symptoms but also increase the risk of comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or muscle wasting. By exploring the underlying mechanisms of leptin and insulin dysregulation in COPD, this review underscores the significance of the metabolic–inflammatory axis, suggesting that restoring metabolic balance through leptin and insulin modulation could offer novel therapeutic strategies for improving clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Moving Forward to New Trends in Pulmonary Diseases)
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13 pages, 907 KiB  
Review
Central Sleep Apnea in Adults: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Management—A Narrative Review
by Alpár Csipor Fodor, Dragoș Huțanu, Corina Eugenia Budin, Maria Beatrice Ianoși, Delia Liana Rachiș, Hédi-Katalin Sárközi, Mara Andreea Vultur and Gabriela Jimborean
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2369; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072369 - 29 Mar 2025
Viewed by 594
Abstract
Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a heterogeneous group of sleep-related breathing disorders characterized by intermittent absence of respiratory effort during sleep. CSA results from impaired neurological signaling from the respiratory centers to the respiratory muscles, leading to airflow cessation for at least 10 [...] Read more.
Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a heterogeneous group of sleep-related breathing disorders characterized by intermittent absence of respiratory effort during sleep. CSA results from impaired neurological signaling from the respiratory centers to the respiratory muscles, leading to airflow cessation for at least 10 s. Major causes include heart failure, opioid use, central neurological disorders, and altitude exposure. This review outlines the pathophysiology of CSA, emphasizing ventilatory instability and brainstem dysfunction as key mechanisms. It details the classification of CSA subtypes, including Cheyne–Stokes respiration, high-altitude CSA, and drug-induced CSA. Clinical manifestations range from excessive daytime sleepiness to cardiovascular complications. Diagnostic approaches encompass polygraphy, polysomnography, and various laboratory tests to evaluate comorbidities. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, addressing underlying conditions while utilizing positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV), supplemental oxygen, and pharmacological interventions. Newer modalities, such as phrenic nerve stimulation, offer promising outcomes for CSA management. This review underscores the necessity of an individualized, interdisciplinary strategy to improve patient outcomes in CSA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Moving Forward to New Trends in Pulmonary Diseases)
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