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Multiple Sclerosis: Prediction, Diagnosis and Treatment
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Multiple Sclerosis: Prediction, Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 1836

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rosaria Sacco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Multiple Sclerosis Center (MSC), Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (NSI), Lugano, Switzerland
Interests: neurology; multiple sclerosis; neuroscience; neuroimaging; biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system and resulting in a wide range of symptoms and disability levels. The increasing availability of effective therapies for multiple sclerosis, as well as research demonstrating the benefits of early treatment highlights the importance of early and accurate multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Furthermore, the identification of prodromal symptoms can aid in identifying individuals who may be at risk of developing MS and allow for early preventive treatment or delay the disease onset.

We welcome submissions on novel biomarkers, imaging techniques, genetic factors, environmental triggers and therapeutic interventions that may help improve the understanding and management of MS.

Dr. Rosaria Sacco
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neurological diseases
  • multiple sclerosis
  • prodromal symptoms
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 236 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Ocrelizumab on Disease Progression and Disability Status in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Two-Year Prospective Cohort Study
by Amanda Claudia Schuldesz, Raluca Tudor, Amalia Cornea, Dorina Nicola Geni, Irina Nicoleta Lata and Mihaela Simu
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(2), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020553 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1405
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration. Ocrelizumab, a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has shown promise in reducing disease activity in MS patients. This prospective study aims to assess the effectiveness of ocrelizumab in [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration. Ocrelizumab, a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has shown promise in reducing disease activity in MS patients. This prospective study aims to assess the effectiveness of ocrelizumab in reducing confirmed disability progression in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) over a two-year period. By evaluating clinical data, and MRI findings, this study seeks to provide comprehensive insights into ocrelizumab’s impact on disease dynamics and disability. Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight patients aged 18 to 65 with confirmed MS were enrolled under ocrelizumab therapy at the Neurology Department of “Pius Brinzeu” Clinical Emergency Hospital in Romania between July 2020 and July 2024. Participants were assessed at baseline and every six months over two years. The key outcomes measured were changes in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) as a measure of confirmed disability progression (CDP), annualized relapse rate (ARR), and MRI findings. Results: Over the two-year period, the mean EDSS score significantly decreased from 5.2 ± 1.8 to 4.6 ± 1.7 (mean change = −0.6 ± 0.9; p = 0.032), indicating improved neurological function. The proportion of patients experiencing relapses dropped markedly from 61.2% to 14.3% (p < 0.001). The MRI results showed significant reductions in patients with new or enlarging T2 lesions from 68.4% to 27.6% (p < 0.001) and gadolinium-enhancing lesions from 44.9% to 15.3% (p < 0.001). Patients previously treated with natalizumab exhibited a greater reduction in EDSS scores (−1.0 ± 0.8; p = 0.001) compared to other treatments. Multivariate regression identified the baseline EDSS score (β = 0.65; p < 0.001), previous natalizumab use (β = −0.30; p = 0.013), and age at diagnosis (β = 0.02; p = 0.048) as significant predictors of two-year EDSS scores. While markers of active inflammation decreased, the proportion of patients with brain atrophy increased from 31.6% to 43.9% (not statistically significant; p = 0.105). SPMS patients had higher rates of brain atrophy at baseline (61.1% vs. 25.0%; p = 0.007) and at two years (100.0% vs. 31.3%; p < 0.001) compared to RRMS patients. Conclusions: Ocrelizumab effectively reduced disease activity and improved neurological disability over two years in both RRMS and SPMS patients. Significant reductions in relapse rates and MRI markers of inflammation were observed. Previous natalizumab treatment was associated with greater improvements. Despite these benefits, the progression of neurodegeneration, particularly brain atrophy in SPMS patients, underscores the need for additional strategies targeting neurodegenerative aspects of MS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiple Sclerosis: Prediction, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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