Innovative Research on Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid tumors represent a very frequent pathology, affecting 2.6 men and 3.8 women per 100,000 inhabitants annually. They are in 1st place among endocrine neoplasms and 11th among all tumors, and they represent 1–2% of malignant neoplasms, of which the mortality remains very low but not negligible: 0.5/100,000 per year. Being able to carry out an early diagnosis, providing an adequate diagnostic protocol, and offering the patient suffering from thyroid tumor pathology the most appropriate treatment have been subjects of study by the international scientific community for some time, in part because, from 1975 to today, the incidence of thyroid tumors has tripled and the costs have increased significantly (in 2020, in the United States, thyroid tumors were the third leading cause of cancer in women, resulting in an estimated cost for American healthcare of approximately 20 billion dollars). In light of these considerations, the surgical indications for thyroid tumors, both for the differentiated forms and for those at greater risk, have been revised in the latest international guidelines, proposing less radical surgical interventions, reducing the indication for total thyroidectomy in favor of partial removal operations, lobectomies and the simultaneous execution of prophylactic and enlarged lymphadenectomies or even proposing, for low-risk forms, a close follow-up or thermoablative therapies with radio-frequency (RF-Energy). The use of high-volume surgical centers will allow us to share the best results in agreement with the patients; artificial intelligence technologies, especially convolutional neural networks and big data algorithms together with a deeper “omic” knowledge of thyroid cancer, could therefore represent valid aids in the diagnostic and therapeutic processes.

With respect to those points of view, the significance of the topic and the social repercussions it demonstrates have motivated us to create this Special Issue with the aim of providing the reader with an overview of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to thyroid cancer.

Prof. Dr. Domenico Parmeggiani
Guest Editor

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• thyroid cancer
• nuclear medicine
• thyroid surgery
• minimally invasive surgery
• cytopathology
• gene panel endocrinology
• nodule thermal ablation
• artificial intelligence