Insects

Research

Jump to: Review

37 pages, 9927 KB

Open AccessArticle

Morphological Changes in Thoracic Internal Structures of Asiophrida xanthospilota (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) During Pupal Period

by Irfan Haider, Le Zong, Wenjie Li, Youyou Yang, Zulong Liang, Xinyi Zhou, Yanting Wang, Sipei Liu and Siqin Ge

Insects 2025, 16(11), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16111133 - 5 Nov 2025

Viewed by 524

Abstract

The thorax, which serves as the primary center of locomotion for insects, consists of a highly intricate skeletomuscular system. The thoracic morphological transformations during the pupal stage reveal the developmental formation of locomotor systems. Asiophrida xanthospilota is not only capable of flight but [...] Read more.

The thorax, which serves as the primary center of locomotion for insects, consists of a highly intricate skeletomuscular system. The thoracic morphological transformations during the pupal stage reveal the developmental formation of locomotor systems. Asiophrida xanthospilota is not only capable of flight but is also an exceptional jumper. In this study, we employed micro-CT and 3D reconstruction to document the thoracic internal anatomy of this species on pupal days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12, with the goal of achieving a more comprehensive understanding of their locomotion mechanisms. In A. xanthospilota, a membrane connecting the occiput and metaphragma is present from pupal days 2 to 8, serving as the attachment site for the notal muscles. Morphological changes in some endoskeletal structures during development result in corresponding shifts in the origins or insertions of associated muscles. On the first day, most muscles are present in the pro- and mesothorax, while the metathorax contains comparatively few, a pattern likely linked to the primary reliance on jumping locomotion of the species. Some muscles that appear only during the early and middle pupal stages might function in structural support. Muscular morphology undergoes diverse changes that are difficult to generalize. On day 4, the muscles show a comparatively small relative volume, which might reflect experimental error or other underlying factors. In addition, the gut and nerve remain largely unchanged. It should be noted that the stroma within the thoracic cavity might have hindered the precise identification of muscles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

36 pages, 11812 KB

Open AccessArticle

An Integrative Revision of the Genus Rhamphus (Curculionidae) from the Western Palearctic: Morphological and Molecular Data Reveal the Radiation of Multiple Species

by Ivo Toševski, Roberto Caldara, Jelena Jović, Cosimo Baviera, Iñigo Ugarte San Vicente and Oliver Krstić

Insects 2025, 16(11), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16111123 - 3 Nov 2025

Viewed by 1600

Abstract

Here, we report on the complexity of the taxonomy and species evolution within the monophyletic genus Rhamphus, which includes some of the smallest members of the Curculionidae family and whose species are morphologically almost indistinguishable from each other. Despite their similar appearance, [...] Read more.

Here, we report on the complexity of the taxonomy and species evolution within the monophyletic genus Rhamphus, which includes some of the smallest members of the Curculionidae family and whose species are morphologically almost indistinguishable from each other. Despite their similar appearance, we found high divergence and varying evolutionary rates among observed species groups living both in sympatry and allopatry in the western Palearctic. On the basis of subtle morphological differences and molecular evidence, we defined eight morphotypic groups and 14 species, of which 6 are newly described in this paper: R. diottii sp. nov. and R. ibericus sp. nov. (monzinii-group), R. cypricus sp. nov. and R. macedonicus sp. nov. (cypricus-group), R. betulae sp. nov. and R. crypticus sp. nov. (pulicarius group). Rhamphus morphotypic groups showed intense species radiation and cryptic speciation, with an estimated genetic divergence of 4.2–18.8% (uncorrected) in the barcoding region of the mitochondrial COI gene. The estimated divergence of the two nuclear markers, nEF-1α and nCAD, ranged from 1 to 11.9% and 0.5 to 15%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using both single and partitioned multigene adequately resolved the relationships between Rhamphus species and identified all groups and the species with high nodal support. According to our study, Rhamphus species cluster into monophyletic groups that are partly defined by their host plant associations and by subtle differences in penis shape. No substantial differences in female genitalia were found. Most of the species exhibit relatively rapid species radiation, which is cryptic by nature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1348 KB

Open AccessArticle

Diet-Driven Variations in Longevity and Fecundity of the Endangered Tiger Beetle Cicindela anchoralis (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

by Deokjea Cha, Anya Lim and Jong-Kook Jung

Insects 2025, 16(10), 1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16101066 - 18 Oct 2025

Viewed by 621

Abstract

Diet is a key factor modulating the trade-off between fecundity and longevity, a cornerstone of life-history theory. While laboratory studies have demonstrated that high-protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio diets increase reproductive output at the cost of lifespan, it remains unclear how this trade-off operates in [...] Read more.

Diet is a key factor modulating the trade-off between fecundity and longevity, a cornerstone of life-history theory. While laboratory studies have demonstrated that high-protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio diets increase reproductive output at the cost of lifespan, it remains unclear how this trade-off operates in species exposed to natural dietary variability and prey choice. We tested whether diet-mediated trade-offs between fecundity and longevity are modulated by prey-insect type in the endangered tiger beetle, Cicindela anchoralis, a species with a short adult lifespan. Tiger beetles were offered a choice between a high-P:C diet (cricket) and low-P:C diet (ant). Tiger beetles consuming the high-P:C diet exhibited increased fecundity and reduced longevity, while those feeding on the low-P:C diet showed the opposite pattern. Despite these consequences, both sexes showed a consistent preference for the high-P:C diet, suggesting that beetles prioritize reproductive output over lifespan. These results suggest that prey-insect selection might be an adaptive way to boost reproductive success within a limited adult lifespan, which may raise tiger beetles’ intrinsic rate of natural increase. Our findings highlight the ecological relevance of diet-driven life-history trade-offs and offer practical guidance for mass propagation strategies to support endangered tiger beetle recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

69 pages, 87059 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sclerites of Bursa Copulatrix Reveal Hidden Generic Diversity in Dimini (Coleoptera, Elateridae): Revision of Parapenia Species from China, with the Establishment of Three New Genera

by Lu Qiu, Yongying Ruan, Alexander S. Prosvirov and Robin Kundrata

Insects 2025, 16(10), 1003; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16101003 - 26 Sep 2025

Viewed by 2196

Abstract

The genus Parapenia Suzuki from China is revised, with 12 species recognized, including six new species: P. fuxi sp. nov., P. nyuwa sp. nov., P. pangu sp. nov., P. ruihangi sp. nov., P. wuchaoi [...] Read more.

The genus Parapenia Suzuki from China is revised, with 12 species recognized, including six new species: P. fuxi sp. nov., P. nyuwa sp. nov., P. pangu sp. nov., P. ruihangi sp. nov., P. wuchaoi sp. nov., and P. zhengi sp. nov. In addition, P. sausai Schimmel and P. villosa (Fleutiaux) are newly recorded from China, and P. jagemanni Schimmel syn. nov. is synonymized with P. yunnana Schimmel. Large plate-like sclerites in the bursa copulatrix are consistently present in Parapenia and show diagnostic value for generic delimitation. Comparative morphological studies, particularly of these sclerites, justify the establishment of three new genera distinct from Parapenia: (1) Parapenioides gen. nov., including P. zidani sp. nov.; (2) Megapenia gen. nov., including M. cruciata (Bouwer) comb. nov., type species M. marginalis (Fleutiaux) comb. nov., and M. tianlongi sp. nov.; and (3) Sinopenia gen. nov., including S. significata (Schimmel) comb. nov. A comparative diagnostic table of the four genera, together with a checklist and distribution maps, is provided. Identification keys to Chinese species of Parapenia and Megapenia are also included. This study clarifies the taxonomic complexity of Parapenia and emphasizes the overlooked significance of sclerotized structures in the bursa copulatrix for distinguishing genera within Dimini. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 5959 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Remarkable New Species of the Genus Paraglenea Bates from China, with Notes on the Genus Malloderma Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini)

by Mei-Ying Lin, Ren-Jie You and Ling-Yun Wang

Insects 2025, 16(8), 867; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16080867 - 21 Aug 2025

Viewed by 1104

Abstract

This study contributes to the taxonomic research on the tribe Saperdini, focusing on two genera, Paraglenea Bates and Malloderma Lacordaire. A new species, Paraglenea dairanxingorum Lin, You & Wang, sp. nov., is described from Hunan and Hubei Provinces, China. The new species is [...] Read more.

This study contributes to the taxonomic research on the tribe Saperdini, focusing on two genera, Paraglenea Bates and Malloderma Lacordaire. A new species, Paraglenea dairanxingorum Lin, You & Wang, sp. nov., is described from Hunan and Hubei Provinces, China. The new species is distinguished by its purplish-blue scales and median long, whitish, erect hairs on whole body. The type specimens were collected primarily using a sweeping net in wooded mountains in Fangziyacun, Madiyixiang, Yuanling County, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, as well as in Wudangshan, Shiyan City, Hubei Province. Although it resembles Malloderma kuegleri Holzschuh, 2010 in hair and scale morphology, it differs in male claw structure, elytral apex and puncture density. Additionally, Paraglenea jianfenglingensis Hua, 1985 is newly combined as Malloderma jianfenglingense (Hua, 1985) comb. nov., with a new distribution record from Guangxi, China. Malloderma pascoei Lacordaire, 1872, is recorded from Myanmar for the first time. Detailed comparisons between P. dairanxingorum Lin, You & Wang, sp. nov. and Malloderma kuegleri Holzschuh, 2010; Malloderma jianfenglingense (Hua, 1985) comb. nov. and Malloderma pascoei Lacordaire, 1872, are provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3796 KB

Open AccessArticle

Two New Species of the Genus Philanthaxia Deyrolle, 1864, from Hainan Province, China (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Thomassetiini)

by Tao Ni, Zhihao Qi, Xiancheng Peng, Haitian Song and Rong Wang

Insects 2025, 16(8), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16080839 - 14 Aug 2025

Viewed by 1387

Abstract

In this paper, we describe two new species of Philanthaxia Deyrolle, 1864, from Hainan, China, namely, P. longicornis Ni & Song, sp. nov., and P. lui Ni & Song, sp. nov., with the adult host plant Casearia membranacea Hance (Salicaceae). The characters of [...] Read more.

In this paper, we describe two new species of Philanthaxia Deyrolle, 1864, from Hainan, China, namely, P. longicornis Ni & Song, sp. nov., and P. lui Ni & Song, sp. nov., with the adult host plant Casearia membranacea Hance (Salicaceae). The characters of these new species are described with illustrations, comparisons are made with the most similar species, and the COI gene sequence of P. longicornis and its analysis are provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 5539 KB

Open AccessArticle

Four New Species of Haplocauda, with Notes on the Evolutionary Convergence of Copulation Clamps in Lucidotini (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Lampyrinae)

by Leandro Zeballos, Luiz Felipe Lima da Silveira and Cláudio Ruy Vasconcelos da Fonseca

Insects 2025, 16(8), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16080824 - 8 Aug 2025

Viewed by 1038

Abstract

Lampyrinae Lucidotini contains nearly a third of the world’s Lampyridae. The lack of revisions and the overlap of diagnostic features across taxonomic levels have hindered identification and, therefore, further studies of Lucidotini taxa. The use of terminalia and genital traits in Lucidotini phylogenies [...] Read more.

Lampyrinae Lucidotini contains nearly a third of the world’s Lampyridae. The lack of revisions and the overlap of diagnostic features across taxonomic levels have hindered identification and, therefore, further studies of Lucidotini taxa. The use of terminalia and genital traits in Lucidotini phylogenies has been fundamental to inform and update the genus-level delimitations in this group. One important open question is whether the presence of increased-length abdominal segment VIII (in relation to segment VII) in the closely related genera Scissicauda and Haplocauda is synapomorphic or homoplastic. In recent collecting efforts combined with studies of specimens deposited in different scientific collections, we found specimens hypothesized as four new firefly species from the Amazon basin that share the unique characteristics of the male abdomen of Haplocauda species. To test the hypothesis that these new species are monophyletic and sisters to Haplocauda species, and that the augmented segment VIII is synapomorphic to Scissicauda + Haplocauda, we ran phylogenetic analyses building upon a pre-existing character matrix, including a wide sample of Lucidotini and neighboring branches. Our results support the placement of the four new species described here (H. lata sp. nov., H. amazonensis sp. nov., H. aculeata sp. nov. and H. antimary sp. nov.) in Haplocauda. Importantly, one species with regular-sized segment VIII sclerites was recovered as the earliest diverging lineages of Haplocauda, suggesting that segment VIII was augmented at least twice in the Lucidotini—the other one being within Scissicauda. We also report, for the first time, a sympatry between Haplocauda species. We revised the definition of Haplocauda and updated the distribution of H. mendesi and the existing key to species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 915 KB

Open AccessArticle

Synopsis of the Genus Trichorondonia Breuning, 1965 with Description of a New Species from China (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

by Ruigang Yang, Jianhua Huang and Guanglin Xie

Insects 2025, 16(7), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16070743 - 21 Jul 2025

Viewed by 719

Abstract

This paper provides a brief review of the genus Trichorondonia Breuning, 1965. A new species, Trichorondonia wenkaii sp. nov. (文凯毛郎氏天牛), is described and illustrated. Trichorondonia kabateki Viktora, 2024 is newly recorded in Hubei province, with the first description of the male. Additionally, photographs [...] Read more.

This paper provides a brief review of the genus Trichorondonia Breuning, 1965. A new species, Trichorondonia wenkaii sp. nov. (文凯毛郎氏天牛), is described and illustrated. Trichorondonia kabateki Viktora, 2024 is newly recorded in Hubei province, with the first description of the male. Additionally, photographs of the holotypes of three previously described species are presented. A key to the four species is given. The new species differs from T. pilosipes and T. hybolasioides in having elytra with rounded lateral apical angles and a vertex with blackish-brown pubescence medially behind the eyes. The new species can also be easily distinguished from T. kabateki by the antennae being ventrally fringed with sparse hairs only on segments 1–8, the greyish-yellow pubescence on the pronotum being unevenly distributed and particularly sparse in the posterior half, the elytra having rather thin greyish-yellow pubescence and hardly visible greyish-white pubescence, elongated blackish-brown spots on the elytral longitudinal carinae, and a small tuft of black setae at the centre of the elytral base where there is no obvious tubercle. The type specimen of the new species was collected in Dianping village, Xinhua town, Leye county, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, and deposited at Insect Collection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (ICYZU). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 12796 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Thoracic Anatomy of Two Flightless Chrysolina Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

by Sipei Liu, Xiaokun Liu, Xieshuang Wang, Wenjie Li, Xin Liu and Siqin Ge

Insects 2025, 16(6), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16060618 - 11 Jun 2025

Viewed by 1656

Abstract

Flight loss has independently evolved across nearly all winged insect orders. Comparing the thoracic structures of flightless insects with those of their flight-capable relatives can reveal key characteristics linked with flight. Although flight loss has been widely studied in beetles, exploration of this [...] Read more.

Flight loss has independently evolved across nearly all winged insect orders. Comparing the thoracic structures of flightless insects with those of their flight-capable relatives can reveal key characteristics linked with flight. Although flight loss has been widely studied in beetles, exploration of this phenomenon has been limited to taxonomic and geographic distribution studies in the species-rich family Chrysomelidae, with little analysis of thoracic anatomical structures. This study employs a suite of morphological techniques to examine the thoracic structures of two flightless beetle species Chrysolina: sulcicollis and Chrysolina virgata, originating from desert and temperate regions, respectively. A comparison between the two flightless species reveals that C. sulcicollis has fewer tergo-pleural muscles involved in elytral movement likely to save water, but more muscles that contribute to stabilizing larger body structures. Meanwhile, differences are also observed in the elytral base, the anterior corner of the mesal suture, and the setae on the meso-inner region of the epipleuron. Compared to other flight-capable chrysomelid beetles, apart from the absence of flight-related muscles, the two flightless beetles exhibit similar thoracic skeletal structures. The absence of lateral cervical sclerites, along with the presence of muscles Idvm4, 5 and Itpm5, could enhance head mobility as a compensatory adaptation doe the loss of flight capability. Additionally, the greater number of tergo-pleural muscles in the mesothorax of C. virgata could suggest that its elytra serve a specialized function. Compared to other flightless beetles, aside from the similarly reduced flight muscles, these two species have relatively intact thoracic skeletons. Further data on habitat, functional compensation and other related factors are needed to compare their evolutionary processes with those of other flightless beetles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 94322 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Weevil Genus Rhamphus (Curculionidae, Curculioninae) in Southern Africa—Description of Thirteen New Species

by Roberto Caldara and Michele Tedeschi

Insects 2025, 16(5), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16050454 - 25 Apr 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1363

Abstract

The southern African species of the genus Rhamphus Clairville, 1798, is herein revised for the first time. Fourteen species are recognized, 13 of which are new to science. The single known species was Rhamphus namibicus Korotyaev, 1994 (Namibia), whereas the new species are [...] Read more.

The southern African species of the genus Rhamphus Clairville, 1798, is herein revised for the first time. Fourteen species are recognized, 13 of which are new to science. The single known species was Rhamphus namibicus Korotyaev, 1994 (Namibia), whereas the new species are R. carinatus sp. nov. (South Africa: Limpopo; Zimbabwe), R. densepunctatus sp. nov. (South Africa: Western Cape), R. gigas sp. nov. (Zambia), R. glaber sp. nov. (South Africa: Mpumalanga), R. globipennis sp. nov. (South Africa: Mpumalanga, Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, Western Cape), R. hispidulus sp. nov. (South Africa: Eastern Cape), R. indifferens sp. nov. (South Africa: Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape), R. levipennis sp. nov. (South Africa: Mpumalanga; Zimbabwe), R. longitarsis sp. nov. (Southern Namibia; South Africa: Northern Cape), R. obesulus sp. nov. (South Africa: Eastern Cape), R. pilosulus sp. nov. (South Africa: Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal; Zimbabwe), R. scaber sp. nov. (South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape), R. squamidorsum sp. nov. (South Africa: Eastern Cape, Western Cape). Based on morphological characters, the species are separated into four informal groups. In considering possible relationships between these species and those from other regions, host-plant associations are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2034 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Six Geographic Populations of Ips subelongauts in Northeastern China: Similarities and Evolutionary Hints

by Yuge Zhao, Chao Wang, Xinmeng Liu, Xu Lin, Dongdong Chu, Junyi Ding, Xiangbo Kong and Dafeng Chen

Insects 2025, 16(4), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040384 - 3 Apr 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1116

Abstract

The Asian larch bark beetle, I. subelongatus Motschulsky, is a severe pest of various Larix species in its natural range. This study reports the degree of similarity among cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of six populations of I. subelongatus in northeastern China. Thirty individual [...] Read more.

The Asian larch bark beetle, I. subelongatus Motschulsky, is a severe pest of various Larix species in its natural range. This study reports the degree of similarity among cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of six populations of I. subelongatus in northeastern China. Thirty individual or isomeric mixtures of hydrocarbons were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The hydrocarbon components consist of straight-chain alkanes, alkenes, and methyl-branched hydrocarbons with carbon chain lengths ranging from 24 to 31. Among these, four CHCs (n-C₂₅, 9-C_27:1, n-C₂₇, and 3-meC₂₇) can serve as chemotaxonomic markers to identify I. subelongatus. No qualitative differences were detected between males and females in any of the six populations, but significant quantitative differences were observed in some CHCs. Phylogenetic analysis based on CHC profiles showed only minor differences compared to analysis based on partial mtDNA COI sequences regarding bark beetle species affinity. These results establish a rapid chemotaxonomic method and provide a basis for further investigations into the functions of CHCs in I. subelongatus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

30 pages, 123003 KB

Open AccessArticle

Trechus from Ethiopia with Aedeagus Right Side Superior in Repose, an Unusual Character State in Trechine Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

by Joachim Schmidt, Yeshitla Merene, Yitbarek Woldehawariat and Arnaud Faille

Insects 2025, 16(3), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16030328 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 1297

Abstract

The Miocene volcano Mt. Choke in northern Ethiopia is known for its very species-rich Trechus fauna. In addition, the enormous morphological diversity that is expressed within a single subgenus, Abyssinotus, which is endemic to northern Ethiopia, is unique within the global Trechus [...] Read more.

The Miocene volcano Mt. Choke in northern Ethiopia is known for its very species-rich Trechus fauna. In addition, the enormous morphological diversity that is expressed within a single subgenus, Abyssinotus, which is endemic to northern Ethiopia, is unique within the global Trechus fauna. In this paper, we describe eight additional new species and three subspecies of the Trechus subgenus Abyssinotus, all of which are endemic to Mt. Choke. These species belong to two different lineages within Abyssinotus, each differing from other lineages of the subgenus by certain morphological character states described in this paper and alternatively named the T. lobeliae and the T. basilewskianus subgroups. Several species of these subgroups are characterised by an apomorphical inverse male genital, with the right side up in repose. The T. lobeliae subgroup comprises two species and is monomorphic with respect to this character. The T. basilewskianus subgroup comprises eight species, including six species with monomorphically inverse male genitalia and two species with male genitalia monomorphically in the ‘normal’ position. These are the first examples within Trechinae in which inverse male genitalia are a species- or even group-specific characteristic. A brief summary of the distribution of this trait within the Carabidae is provided. We also present a new identification key for the Trechus species known so far from Mt. Choke. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 13049 KB

Open AccessArticle

Population Genetics, Demographic History, and Potential Distributions of the New Important Pests Monolepta signata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Corn in China

by Yang Liu, Yacong Ge, Liming Wang, Jingao Dong, Zhenying Wang and Yuyu Wang

Insects 2025, 16(3), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16030323 - 19 Mar 2025

Viewed by 1289

Abstract

Monolepta signata are polyphagous pest widely distributed in China, and the damage as well as economic losses it caused were increasing in recent years. Knowledge of species diversity, population structure and habitat suitability could enhance the efforts of pest control. Here, we sampled [...] Read more.

Monolepta signata are polyphagous pest widely distributed in China, and the damage as well as economic losses it caused were increasing in recent years. Knowledge of species diversity, population structure and habitat suitability could enhance the efforts of pest control. Here, we sampled the populations of M. signata in almost all of China’s major corn-producing regions. A total of 568 sequences were obtained from each gene. There were 48, 29, and 30 haplotypes of COI, ITS2 and EF-1α, respectively. The genetic distance between the HuangHuaiHai population and other populations was the largest. There were 61.90%, 71.43% and 61.90% of Nm values smaller than 1 in COI, ITS2 and EF-1α, respectively, which indicated that gene flow between most populations was weak. The degree of differentiation in most populations of M. signata was relatively high. The population of M. signata has also experienced rapid expansion. Population history dynamic analysis showed that the effective population size of M. signata remained relatively stable before 0.075 Ma. There was a slow contraction trend from 0.075 to 0.010 Ma. It has been rapidly and continuously expanding since 0.010 Ma. Among the investigated geographical populations, the “yellow-spot type” was only present in the populations of southern and southwestern regions, while the “two-spot type” and “four-spot type” were widely distributed in all other geographical populations. Predictions of the potential distribution areas of M. signata indicated that the northeast and north China regions will remain being the high suitability areas of M. signata in the future. Our results will not only facilitate studies on the phylogeography of M. signata but also benefit the effective monitoring and management of this agricultural pest. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3039 KB

Open AccessArticle

Anthropogenic Impacts on Bark and Ambrosia Beetle Assemblages in Tropical Montane Forest in Northern Borneo

by Evahtira Gunggot, Roger A. Beaver, Jonathan Jimmey Lucas, Sandra Geogina George, Anastasia Rasiah, Wilson V. C. Wong, Maria Lourdes T. Lardizabal and Naoto Kamata

Insects 2025, 16(2), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16020121 - 26 Jan 2025

Viewed by 1574

Abstract

Anthropogenic disturbances, such as forest conversion, have a profound impact on species distributions and biodiversity in tropical forests. This study aimed to determine the diversity and distribution of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) across three forest types: Primary Forest (PF), [...] Read more.

Anthropogenic disturbances, such as forest conversion, have a profound impact on species distributions and biodiversity in tropical forests. This study aimed to determine the diversity and distribution of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) across three forest types: Primary Forest (PF), Disturbed Forest (DF), and Rubber Plantation (RP) in southern Sabah, Malaysia. We analyzed biweekly data obtained from ethanol-baited traps over three years, from April 2017 to May 2020, which included 7257 individuals from 154 species. The dominant species remained the same across all forest types. However, species composition was highly stochastic and unpredictable between forest types. The abundance and number of species were highest in RP but lowest in DF. Indigenous forest use in DF mostly for fuel likely reduced the resources for the beetles. Open canopy structure in RP probably increased the number of flying beetles. Although adjacent to PF, RP displayed a distinct species composition predominantly associated with rubber trees. These findings underscore the anthropogenic impact on beetle assemblages due to forest use and emphasize the need for sustainable forest management practices to prevent biodiversity loss and maintain ecosystem stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1627 KB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Melanism in Pachnoda iskuulka (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)

by Petr Bogusch, Oto Petřík, Antonín Hlaváček, Ondřej Šebesta and Petr Šípek

Insects 2025, 16(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16010061 - 10 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1834

Abstract

Thermal polymorphism, usually represented by thermal melanism (darker coloration in cooler habitats), is a well-known phenomenon in animals. In Cetoniinae, several species in captivity tend to become darker after several generations of breeding, which is probably caused by a lower temperature than is [...] Read more.

Thermal polymorphism, usually represented by thermal melanism (darker coloration in cooler habitats), is a well-known phenomenon in animals. In Cetoniinae, several species in captivity tend to become darker after several generations of breeding, which is probably caused by a lower temperature than is typical for their native habitats. Pachnoda iskuulka is a beetle species occurring in Somaliland. This species is easy to breed in captivity, and it is colorful and variable in the proportions of yellow, red, and black coloration. We kept this species from the first instar larva to the adult stage at three different temperatures. Elytra and pronotum of the adults were photographed, and proportions of the three main colors were measured. The proportion of black coloration significantly increased with size and decreased with temperature, while the proportion of yellow color increased. This species is certainly thermally polymorphic, which can be an adaptation for activation even at lower temperatures. The possible mimicry with beetles of the genus Hycleus is discussed. It is the first confirmation of thermal polymorphism in Cetoniinae and one of a few in Coleoptera. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3650 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dung Beetles, Dung Burial, and Plant Growth: Four Scarabaeoid Species and Sorghum

by Hasnae Hajji, Mariyem Rehali, Abdelkhaleq Fouzi Taybi, Jean-Pierre Lumaret and Youness Mabrouki

Insects 2024, 15(12), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15121002 - 18 Dec 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1709

Abstract

This study examined the impact of dung beetles on both sorghum growth and the physico-chemical properties of the soil over a two-month period. Four dung beetle species (Onthophagus vacca, Onthophagus marginalis subsp. andalusicus, Euonthophagus crocatus, and Gymnopleurus sturmi) [...] Read more.

This study examined the impact of dung beetles on both sorghum growth and the physico-chemical properties of the soil over a two-month period. Four dung beetle species (Onthophagus vacca, Onthophagus marginalis subsp. andalusicus, Euonthophagus crocatus, and Gymnopleurus sturmi) were introduced into experimental setups, consisting of containers filled with sterilised clay-loam soil, with three treatment groups: [cow dung + beetles], [cow dung only], and a control group (no dung nor beetles), in order to evaluate their effects on various growth parameters, including the plant height, biomass, leaf area, and chlorophyll concentration. Additionally, changes in soil properties were assessed, focusing on the organic matter content, pH, conductivity, enzyme activities (e.g., urease, phosphatase), and microbial load. The results revealed significant increases in all the measured parameters across the treatments involving dung beetles, emphasising their role in enhancing soil fertility and plant productivity. The study also highlights the variation in effectiveness among the species, suggesting that beetle diversity plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling. Integrating dung beetles into sustainable farming practices could, therefore, serve as a key strategy to promote resilient agriculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

19 pages, 601 KB

Open AccessReview

The Mean Individual Biomass (MIB) of Ground Beetles (Carabidae): A Review of Its Application to Ecosystem Succession, Biodiversity, and Climate Change Research

by Katarzyna Szyszko-Podgórska

Insects 2025, 16(12), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16121191 - 23 Nov 2025

Viewed by 684

Abstract

Bioindication is a key tool for monitoring habitat quality and ecosystem dynamics under increasing anthropogenic pressure. Among model organisms, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) play a particularly important role, and one of the widely applied functional indicators describing their assemblage structure is the Mean [...] Read more.

Bioindication is a key tool for monitoring habitat quality and ecosystem dynamics under increasing anthropogenic pressure. Among model organisms, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) play a particularly important role, and one of the widely applied functional indicators describing their assemblage structure is the Mean Individual Biomass (MIB). Introduced in the 1980s, this index reflects the average body mass of Carabidae and allows assessment of successional stages. Its computational simplicity and intuitive interpretation have led to its application in forests, agricultural landscapes, post-industrial areas, and glacier forelands. This paper synthesizes the development and applications of the MIB, highlighting both its advantages and methodological limitations (including variability of length–mass models, seasonal activity patterns, and dependence on sampling methods). Particular attention is given to the potential of the MIB in the context of global environmental change, including its role as an indicator of ecosystem responses to climate change and processes related to soil carbon sequestration. Based on a literature review, future research directions are identified, encompassing methodological standardization, integration of MIB with other ecological and molecular indicators, and expansion of analyses to regions beyond Europe. By linking classical bioindication with ecosystem functioning studies, the MIB may serve as a universal tool for environmental monitoring and the assessment of ecosystem services under accelerated global change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Beetles in Integrative Entomology: Biology, Taxonomy, and Conservation

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (17 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI